This page provides explanatory text for the dials shown on the Rice Current Solar Wind Conditions and Current Solar Wind Conditions (Dials Only) webpage. These dials use the last good received set of measurements from the Real Time Solar Wind package on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft. ... Measured) This quantity is the number of solar wind protons per unit volume as measured by the ACE Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) . ... It is measured by ACE/SWEPAM. ...

... Images of Clouds from Space . ... However, contemporary thinking suggests that the lower altitude cumulus clouds (such as pictures Thunderstorms, Brazil and Cumulus Cloud Tops ) have a net cooling effect on Earth's surface, reflecting heat back to space. ... Current data suggest that the cooling effects of great masses of cumulus storm clouds over the ocean at mid latitudes outweigh the heating effects of the upper-level cirrus clouds when considered on a global scale. ... Courtesy LPI/NASA. ...

... A more detailed (but qualitative) discussion of heat flow in the atmosphere and related weather processes, including the roles of buoyancy, convection and humidity. ... Heat makes it expand, it becomes less dense than the surrounding air and buoyant, and it rises like a hot-air balloon (or like a drop of oil in a bottle of water). ... The important thing to remember when dealing with convective flows, is that the higher one is in the atmosphere, the lower are the pressure and density of the air. ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,