... B ut Europa's surface is not at all like anything in the inner solar system. ... T he images of Europa's surface strongly resemble images of sea ice on Earth. It is possible that beneath Europa's surface ice there is a layer of liquid water , perhaps as much as 50 km deep, kept liquid by tidally generated heat. ... It is most likely generated by sunlight and charged particles hitting Europa's icy surface producing water vapor which is subsequently split into hydrogen and oxygen. ...

Jupiter's Europa Harbors Possible "Warm Ice" or Liquid Water . Tantalizing new images of Jupiter's moon Europa from NASA's Galileo spacecraft indicate that "warm ice" or even liquid water may have existed, and perhaps still exists today beneath Europa's cracked icy crust. ... This shows the ice crust has been or still is lubricated from below by warm ice or maybe even liquid water." ... We are interested in identifying the time and places on Europa where liquid water might exist. ...

Io ( "EYE oh" ) is the fifth of Jupiter 's known satellites and the third largest; it is the innermost of the Galilean moons. ... Discovered by Galileo and Marius in 1610. ... Io's surface is radically different from any other body in the solar system. ... The material erupting from Io's vents appears to be some form of sulfur or sulfur dioxide. ... Analysis of the Voyager images led scientists to believe that the lava flows on Io's surface were composed mostly of various compounds of molten sulfur. ...

FEATURES OF THE HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION AROUND LUNAR CRATERS PROCLUS AND KEPLER. ... In result of analysis of the data Lawrence and Feldman constructed the hydrogen distribution on the lunar surface [1]. ... However, the authors shown, that EN flux data features may be explained by other element abundance in the lunar soils, namely: Si, Ca, Gadolinium (Gd), Samarium (Sm) and Fe. ... Using of the Feldman's interpretation of the Lunar Prospector data [8], we constructed hydrogen distribution map (Fig.1). ...

... Martian Crater Shows Evidence of Dried Pond . ... Credit: Mars Global Surveyor Project , MSSS , JPL , NASA Explanation: Did a pond once exist in this Martian crater? ... Previously, much evidence suggested the effects of ancient channels of flowing water on Mars, but less evidence had been found for dried pools of water . ... Publications with keywords: Mars - water - crater . Publications with words: Mars - water - crater . ... Victoria Crater on Mars . ... Inside Victoria Crater on Mars . ...

... An error involving a missing tasks parameter indicates that the parameter file may have changed between the last time the task was used and the current version. ... If still in trouble, delete the parameter file in `myiraf/uparm' corresponding to the task (the names are somewhat contrived, but with a bit of imagination it is not too difficult to identify the right one). ... The imcnts task and region masks . ... A region descriptor of the kind: . CIRCLE(403, 403, 22.5) . ... See `help regions'.) ...

In early mid-infrared observations (c 1970) two prominent dust emission features were discovered. ... Soon after the discovery of the silicate features another feature at about 11.3 microns was discovered in the spectra of some carbon stars, not as wide or as strong as the silicate features but still thought to be due to a solid material. ... less common features: extreme carbon stars, the AlO/silicate complex, the "unidentified infrared" features, unusual silicate features . ...

... Re-implement the Raw2Raw, using the same OCA rules of point 1 and making use of real and virtual products 3. ... Virtual products Point 2 requires to create the virtual products in the DB: a virtual product is a pipeline product that would be generated if the pipeline was run with a given set of input files, e.g. a master bias or a master flat. ... It will then look into the provenance table for the raw files that went into that product and repeat the OCA evaluation until no raw files are found. ...

... identify a realistic size of an event on the wavelet map; for example, a rectangular box one-duration wide and allowing for limited ratio of durations in height, has been used. identify all local maxima by placing a box around them and verifying that no larger values occur within the box. within each box, normalize the values of the map by the local maximum. threshold what is left to show the vicinity of each maximum. ... Figure 25: Local maxima of g2-energy map. ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... Observing . ... Sky this Month . ... Star Atlas . ... stars . ... Observing Podcasts . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Observing springtime deep-sky objects with a large telescope . ... How do neutron stars generate steady magnetic fields? ... How can a neutron star exist if those neutrons are just going to pieces? Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. ...

... Watchouts . ... It associates incorrect energies with line features below 1 keV by shifting them to lower energies and applying too much redistribution. Fig.1 compares the SASv6.0 result (red curve) with the SASv5.4 result (black curve) for a 0.8 keV line feature. ... Currently SAS 6.0 leads to obviously very bad fits at low energies, while the MOS-timing canned-response produces fits in excellent agreement with MOS small-window mode down to 100 eV (as shown in Fig.2). ...

... Bojan Nikolic web pages (r. 329) . ALMA . We present a framework for modelling atmospheric phase errors and their correction by both the fast-switching and water vapour radiometeric techniques. ... We use this framework to simulate relative point source sensitivity and effective resolution for a range of atmospheric conditions, with and without phase correction. ... Published as ALMA Memo #582. ... Simulating Atmospheric Phase Errors, Phase Correction and the Impact on ALMA Science . ...

... A new IRAF task has been developed that automatically identifies linear (line-like) features in an image or set of images. ... In order to automatically detect linear features, the first step is to select pixels in the image (Fig. 1 , left panel) that fall within a given data value range. ... Another aspect of extended linear features is that the image space pixels that describe them are in some way adjacent to one another and have a minimum and maximum length. ...

Analysis of general features of the chaotic system behavior and investigation of the properties of concrete chaotic sources. ... Analysis of information properties of chaotic systems and chaotic oscillations as concrete objects for information processing and comunications. ... This hypothesis gives a possibility of designing simple mathematical structures accomplishing various processes of information processing using chaos. ... Activities | ... E-mail: chaos@mail.cplire.ru ...

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