... A lightweight stick with two balls of equal weight at its end obviously has its CG in the middle. When one ball is twice the weight of the other, the CG divides the distance between them by a ratio 1:2, in a way that makes it closer to the heavier mass ( see figure ). ... Even though the balls are separate, one can speak of their common center of gravity, on the line connecting their centers, 1/3 of the distance from the center of the heavier ball. ...

... Rocket History . Most people have at least an intuitive notion of the center of gravity (CG) of an object: it is the point on which the object can be perfectly balanced. Grab a broom at one end and the other end tries to drop down; grab it at its center of gravity, and it stays balanced, neither end tipping over. ... Suppose we have a rocket of total mass 2M , of which M is payload and M is fuel. ... Total mass . ... Each time the velocity increases by one notch, the mass doubles . ...

Program: TRACE Purpose: TRACE plots image values at user given positions as function of distance to a plot centre (in 2-d (sub)sets). Category: ANALYSIS, PLOTTING File: trace.c Author: M.G.R. Vogelaar Keywords: INSET= Give set (, subset): Only one subset is allowed. ... XYBOX= Give size of box around one pixel: [3,3] The resulting value at a selected position is an average of the pixels in the defined box around that position. ... POSITION= Give position x, y: Physical values are allowed. ...

... In Fig. 2 the spectrum of the host galaxy HS1035+4758 is shown, in which typical HII-galaxy narrow emission lines are seen: H 4861, [OIII] 4959,5007, H 6562, [NII] 6548,6584 and [SII] 6716,6731 ?. ... The spectral evolution of SN 1998bv is illustrated in Fig. ... The change of the spectrum between April 6 and 19 with clear reddening shortward of H during these 2 weeks indicates seemingly that the 1st spectrum was observed in the period between the 20th and 30th days after the peak of the light curve...

On,off position switching is done to remove standing waves from the resulting spectra. ... 1,5,10,20,25,50,100 samples corresponding to great circle angular offsets of .004,.02,.04,.07,.09,.18, and .35 degrees. ... Page 1: rms vs great circle offset. ... Page 2: rms vs little circle offset. ... The rms increase correlates better with great rather than little circle offsets. the 1 usec standing wave starts to be seen in the .07 degree offsets. a .9 usec standing wave is seen at .35 degrees offset. ...

... The HST uses an onboard model of its orbit to perform in real-time various control functions relating to spacecraft operations and observation support. ... New coefficients for the ephemeris are updated every other day, and are archived as FITS keywords for each HST observation data set. Using these coefficients,an observer can perform a variety of calibration and characterization calculations relating to the orbital position and velocity of the telescope. ...

... S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE CORPORATION ENERGIA . ... OAO RSC "Energia" . ... Company's History . ... History . Brief History of Rocket and Space Technology . ... ISS Russian Segment . ... Consolidated study of the ISS dynamic characteristics; parameters defining a space position of scientific devices and attitude sensors with respect to the station hull deformation; parameters of magnetic and microgravity disturbances on board the station. ... 2015 JSC "S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia" . ...

Next: HST Science: Structure Up: Scientific Results from Deconvolved Previous: Introduction . A major question in the minds of most astronomical users was discussed by Ivan King at this workshop - the issue of validation of the output from deconvolution. ... Fig. 1 shows an example of cross-validation, using data taken from Keel (1993). The image is of the faint radio galaxy 53W044 at redshift . ... For galaxies with smooth, symmetric structure, modelling allows an independent comparison. ...

... ISC Kosmotras . ... Dnepr launch record 17 August 2011. ... A Ministerial Committee (hereinafter the Committee) chaired by a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nikolay A. Anfimov has been set up by the state authorities of Russia to investigate the cause of the Dnepr LV mission failure. ... The conclusions made by the Committee were delivered to the State Committees of Russia and Kazakhstan established with the aim to investigate the Dnepr launch failure consequences. ... Mission profile . ...

... Meta Index / Home Page / Description / How to use Slew data is particularly susceptible to problems caused by background flares, low-energy noise and halos around bright sources. For a practical guide of the issues to be aware of when interpreting slew data please see Saxton et al. ... In this image, problems due to low-energy noise and optical loading can readily be seen. It is worth checking this image for problems before interpreting interesting features in the scientific images. ...

... Restrictions ) are used. If specified form of output is EMP then astrometric equatorial coordinates are printed in the form usual for Ephemerides of Minor Planets, with formal precision of 0.01 minute of time in R.A. and 0.1 minute of arc in declination. ... It should be noted that the near-opposition ephemerides are not calculated for bodies/ points with numbers from –12 to 0 (in case they are included into task for computation of such ephemerides only their names are displayed in the results). ...

... The experience of determination of the link between radio sources and dynamical reference frames is presented. To obtain this connection we used a series of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the spacecraft Phobos-2 and angularly nearby quasars. ... The dynamical reference frame is determined by equator and equinox of these ephemerides. ... References . ... The relative orientation of the radio and dynamical reference frames can be described by a sequence of three rotations . ...

... Several analysis strategies for computation of systematic part in the radio source velocities can be used: a) estimate source position and velocities from global solution, then fit spherical harmonics to the velocities (Gwinn et al. 1997); b) compute the coefficients of spherical harmonics as global parameters (MacMillan 2005; Titov 2008); c) compute velocities from position time series, then fit spherical harmonics to the velocities. ... Time series statistics is shown in Table 1. ...

... We computed the permanently shadowed areas and temperatures inside the craters for the variation of the position of the lunar pole of rotation with respect to the ecliptic pole with a period of 18.6 years. ... According to our results, the total permanently shadowed area in the polar craters of the Moon is equal to 50428.7 km2, or 0.13% of the total area of the lunar surface [3]. ... The area of permanently shaded part of a crater makes 59 % from all area of a crater [3]. ...

... a major flood of the entire Upper Mississippi River basin which resulted in very wide spread agricultural and commercial damage. On August 10, an enormous plume of turbid river water was detected extending eastward from the Mississippi River delta region. River water discharged on the western side of the delta flowed eastward around the south side of the delta, joining additional river water discharged from passes on the south and east sides of the delta. ...

With this knowledge of orbits, we are ready to plan a trip to Mars. ... The spacecraft will already have the 107,000 kilometers per hour (66,500 miles per hour) speed of Earth, whereas Mars moves at only 86,900 kilometers per hour (53,900 miles per hour). ... A speed of about 42,000 kilometers per hour will be enough to escape the Earth's gravity and, when added to the Earth's orbital speed around the Sun, put the spacecraft on a Hohmann transfer orbit to the Red Planet. ... 1,570,000 . ... Earth . ...

... Makarov D.I., Karachentsev I.D., Burennkov A.N., Tyurina N.V., Korotkova G.G. "Rotation curves of edge-on galaxies" . ... Karachentsev I.D., Makarov D.I., Sharina M.E., Dolphin A.E., Grebel E.K., Geisler D., Guhathakurta P., Hodge P.W., Karachentseva V.E., Sarajedini A., Seitzer P. "Local galaxy flows within 5 Mpc" . ... Karachentsev I.D., Makarov D.I. "Local Field of Galaxy Velocities" . ... Karachentsev I.D., Makarov D.I. "The Galaxy Motion Relative to Nearby Galaxies and the Local Velocity Field"...

... ROTATION CURVE: When studying spiral galaxies it is invariably found that the stellar rotational velocity in the disk remains constant, or "flat", with increasing distance away from the galactic center. ... By the same argument the flat galactic rotation curves seem to suggest that each galaxy is surrounded by significant amounts of dark matter. ... What is the maximum rotation velocity and the total amount of mass (including dark matter) in the galaxy as a function of radius. ...

... The ROSAT Consortium (the Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik, the Goddard Space Flight Center, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Leicester University, and the Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam) announces the release of the completed source catalogs of all ROSAT pointed observations. ... Detailed information about the catalog and methods of access to the catalog and data products can be obtained from the ROSAT Results Archive web pages in Germany, in the US, and in the UK:...

... We publish 16 Doppler imaging temperature maps for the years 1994-2002 of the active RS CVn star II Peg. ... Through Doppler imaging we want to study the spot evolution of the star and in particular compare this with previous results showing a cyclic spot behaviour and persistent active longitudes. ... The derived temperature maps are quite similar to the ones obtained earlier with a different methods, the main differences occurring in the spot latitudes and relative strength of the spot structures....