... For reliable estimation of the accuracy of asteroid CCD observations we usually consider from ten or more various NUMBERED MINOR PLANETS (NMPs) observed during several nigths per month (more then 50 positions). ... They can be considered as an indicator of accuracy of the CCD positional observations with given MPC code. ... For any NUMBERED minor planet the (O-C) values must be zero if the errors of observations and the errors of its theory are absent. ...

Introduction to PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS (Selected 10 lectures) Boris V. Somov Astronomical Institute and Faculty of Physics Moscow State University Pushino-na-Oke, 2008 Contents Ab out These Lectures 1 Particles and Fields: Exact Self-Consistent Description 1.1 Liouville's theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Continuity in phase space . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 The character of particle interactions 1.1.3 The Lorentz force, gravity . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Collisional friction . . . . . . . . . . . .