... In the 1800s it was already evident that the Earth's magnetic field was involved: auroral rays seemed to follow the Earth's magnetic field lines, and the frequency with which aurora was observed depended on the distance from the magnetic pole, not from the geographic one. ... That is the beginning of the ionosphere , a layer with enough free electrons (and ions) to play an important role in radio communications. ... The simplest atom is the one of hydrogen, with just one electron. ...

... Neutral and Ionised Hydrogen in NGC 4214 V. J. McIntyre1,2 1 2 Physics Department, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia Astrophysics Department, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia vjm@physics.usyd.edu.au Abstract: It is not clear at present how the diffuse ionised gas (DIG) component in galaxies is ionised. ... How porous the ISM must be depends on the (unknown) location of the ionised emission relative to the disk. ... 1996). ... Local H I surface density is 2в1021 cm-3 ...

Central Bodies Masses of Selected Globular Clusters N.A.Shakht, A.A.Kiselev, Yu.N.Gnedin and E.A.Grosheva. The Main Astronomical (Pulkovo) Observatory RAS 47 Tuc ­NGC 104 RA 00 24 .1 Dec -72° 04 .9 Size = 30.9 mvis + 4. 0 m D from = 12,1 kpc, h m Cen - NGC 5139 NGC 6397 (Ara) RA 17 h40.m7 Dec -53o 40'.4 Size = 31',0 mvis + 5,3m D from =2.3 kpc RA 13h 26m .8 Dec -47° 28 6 Size = 36.3 m vis +3. 7 m D from =15.8 ±1.1 kpc, 12109 years, Age: 10109 years, (13.4 ± 0.8)109 years. ...

... 18 Sep 19 1984 12.5" 16mm Jul 30 1981 12.5" 16mm MF,ML,ELONG-REC SHAPE,MANY *'S APPROX SAME MAG,MANY *'S RESOLVED ELONG,*'S 10.. ... 9 MAG,MB,ML EASILY DET NGC 6842 Planetary Neb 3b F,PL,VLE Jun 27 2003 12.5 9mmT6 Jul 30 1981 12.5 12mm MB,ML,PATCHY AREAS DET,R,SHISB WITH OIII FILTER,R=E VDIF,LOC IN SOMEWHAT BARREN * FIELD,VF,MS,F*'S INSIDE OF GLOW,NOT SURE OF DET NGC 6853 M27 Planetary Neb 3+2 VB,VL,BIN,IE,DUMBBEL 17mmT4 Jul 05 2008 31 Mar 22 2004 12.5 12mmT4 Aug 20 ...

Results from 6m telescope observations of globular clusters in dwarf galaxies Sharina M. We consider properties of globular clusters in dwarf galaxies observed with the multi-slit unit of the SCORPIO spectrograph at the SAO 6m telescope. ... Studying GCs in dwarf galaxies at the faintest end of the galaxy luminosity function provides valuable information for a better understanding of galaxy evolution and evolutionary connection between globular clusters and nuclei of galaxies. ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Although the comet itself never comes dangerously close to the Earth, the particles of dust that it has shed during its many past passages through perihelion found their way into the Earth's atmosphere, appearing as meteors in the cold December sky. ... Animation 1 . ... An Ursid meteor captured by the Armagh Observatory's NE-facing meteor camera in the early morning of 23rd December. ... Meteor Showers Online . ...

... Structure of Data . ... Catalog . ... The SAI OCL Catalog site provides several VO-enabled modes of operation: . VO-enabled catalog data analysis from a browser . ... Endpoint URL is http://ocl.sai.msu.ru/catalog/conesearch/ . ... VO-enabled catalog analysis from a browser . Presently, this recipe works with Firefox (Windows, MacOS, Linux), Internet Explorer (Windows) and Opera (Windows) browsers with Java plugin 1.6 installed. ... Main TOPCAT window with SAI OCL catalog loaded will appear. ...

... LMC Project Outline . NGC 1818 Initial Results . ... The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is uniquely suitable for the study of massive star clusters at all stages of evolution. By combining HST observations of these clusters with N-body models we hope to understand the origin and evolution of rich star clusters in our own Galaxy, in the LMC, and beyond. ... We aim to combine our HST observations with N-body models to understand the formation and evolution of globular clusters. ...

Supernova 1999cl in M88 . This page is devoted to information on Supernova 1999cl in M88 Basic information on this SN, including the last reported brightness, on this Supernova can be found on the main supernova page. Information on the original web pages for many of these images can be found on the Supernova links web page. ... M1 Supernova Search has a 1999cl page . ... Pedro Re' Animated gif image . ... DAX Observatory . ... vsnet-obs 21040 ] (fwd) Observation of Supernova 1999cl in M88 . ...

. F IGURE . 2. The distribution of globular clusters projected onto the XY [(a) and (c)] and YZ [(b) and (d)] planes for metal-rich clusters of the thick disk with [Fe/H] -1.0 [(a) and (b)] and metal-poor clusters of the halo [(c) and (d)]. The closed curves are upper envelopes drawn by eye. Clusters lying far from the central concentrations in the diagrams are outlined and their numbers indicated. discussion in the text | previous figure | next figure .

Physicists have been honored by having their picture on currency in many countries around the world. ... Marie and Pierre Curie (Marie: 1867-1934, Pierre: 1859-1906) appear on the French 500 franc note. ... The greatest physicist of this century, Einstein not only invented the theories of special relativity (behavior of rapidly moving object) and general relativity (theory of gravitation), but made fundamental contributions to the beginnings of quantum theory. ... For a bio, click here . ... 100 K) . ...

... In the context of assessing and characterizing structures in X-ray images, we compare different approaches. The intensity level is often very low and necessitates a special treatment of Poisson statistics. ... Finally, using a set of ROSAT HRI deep pointings, the presence of small-scale structures in the central regions of clusters of galaxies is investigated. ... Hence, WT has been used for clusters and subclusters analysis (Slezak et al. ...

... Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are located in external galaxies, their X-ray luminosities (10 39 - 10 41 erg/s) are thousand times greater than those of brightest black holes in the Galaxy. ULXs may be supercritical accretion disks around black holes of stellar masses (~10 Solar masses) like that in SS433, or they may be a hypothetical intermediate-mass black holes (hundreds - thousands Solar masses) with standard accretion disks. ... 2) The ULX progenitors were ejected from the star clusters. ...

... Following a micrometeoritic impact in Rev.#961 (March 2005), a new hot column appeared, whose effects leak across the whole column RAWX=318 . While a correction for this hot column is possible and implemented for MOS1 exposures taken in Imaging Mode, the offset value in MOS1 exposures taken in Timing Mode is too high for any meaningful correction to be possible. ... mos1.evt is the name of the MOS1 event list . ... RAWX in [320:329])" . ... Calculate the effective area due to the excised columns . ...

. Pulkovo Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences is situated . near Saint-Petersburg. It was founded in 1839. 196140, Saint-Petersburg, Pulkovskoye chaussee 65/1 . English version . Russian version . This page has been accessed times since May 1, 1999.

ATMoB "Open Cluster Observing Award " Guidelines Purpose: To promote observing among the membership of the Amateur Telescope Makers of Boston through participation in the Open Clusters Observing Awards program. Introduction: This awards program is oriented towards visually observing open clusters above magnitude 9.9. ... It turns out that a very unprejudiced and convenient method to dermine the limiting magnitude is to count the number of visible stars in certain areas on the sky. ...

... Single Player : Yes Cooperative 2-4 Player : Yes Deathmatch 2-4 Player : Yes Difficulty Settings : Yes New Sounds : Yes New Graphics : Yes (20 new ones!, see nukegrph.txt for info and try out nukegrph.bat for a quick view) New Music : Well, sort of Demos Replaced : All New Anything Else : Yup! ... Using wad tools, I made lbm graphic exports of ceiling textures that I thought were cool as well as one texture that had dimensions of 128x128 bits. ... Instant walls with little see through bits. ...

... We address a question if globular clusters (GC) in a protogalaxy could for some time evolve chemically as isolated systems, enriching themselves with heavy elements produced in first supernova events that follow initial star formation. We determine both the critical mass of a protoglobular cluster that is needed to retain the ejecta of the very first supernova, and the critical energy (i.e., number of supernovae) that is needed to expel the residual gas from a cluster of a given mass. ...

... A rough estimation is that in the United States there is one planetarium per 100,000 population, ranging in size from the Hayden Planetarium's 20-meter dome seating 430 people, to three-meter inflatable portable domes where children sit on the floor. ... Together dblo associates make a huge impact in the architecture, interior design and development arena in London. ... With the holidays around the corner what better way to spoil your family than with your very own private home cinema. ...