TEMPERATURE OF REGOLITH IN COLD TRAPS ON THE MOON A.A. Berezhnoi Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow, Russia The hypothesis of the existence of the lunar ice in cold traps was stated in (Watson et al., ... Arnold, 1979) estimated the mean temperature on the surface of lunar cold traps as 40-90 K. We plotted the dependence of regolith mean temperature on depth for these two values of mean temperature on the surface (see figure 1). ... Arnold J.R. Ice in the lunar polar regions, J. Geophys. ...

... A three-cell test section roughly representative of the primary mirror was provided for this test by the Steward Mirror Lab. ... Additionally, the tests are intended to determine relative airflow vs. pressure drop characteristics for each of the air flow patterns so the results can be evaluated both as a function of flow rate and of pressure drop along the flow path. ... The bottom (top as installed) was cut out so it could close the chamber for heating and be removed for the cooling tests. ...

Next: A Universal Diagram for Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: The Corotation Radius . The interaction of a magnetic rotator with the surrounding plasma to a large extent depends on the relation between the four characteristic radii: the stopping radius, , the gravitational capture radius,   , the light cylinder radius,   , and the corotation radius,   . ... Hence, the classification of the interaction regimes may well mean the classification of magnetic rotators. ...

... Analysis of the UVIS03 data show that the gain ratios, relative to the nominal 1.5 , are 1.01-1.04, 2.09-2.15, and 4.28-4.39 at a detector temperature of -82C. A check of the absolute gain of the nominal 1.5 setting was performed using flatfields from the linearity (UVIS05) test; gains were measured at 1.53, 1.52, 1.56, and 1.55, with errors 0.01 , for quadrants A,B,C, and D. Introduction The purpose of the ... Gain ratios for the four quadrants, relative to gain 1.5. ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Lower panel: The ME spot map of the star in orthographic projection, showing the disc of the star as it would be seen by an observer on the Earth at the labelled rotation phases (see the text). ... We carried out high-resolution spectroscopy and BV(I)C photometric monitoring of the two fastest late-type rotators in the nearby Pictoris moving group, HD 199143 (F7V) and CDтИТ64 1208 (K7V). ...

... Archives . ... If you do not mind the time predictor, it is hard to believe that this is a light curve, time dependent data. ... It?s hard to say this data set is designed for time series analysis apart from the complication in statistical inference due to measurement errors. How to design the statistical study with measurement errors, huge gaps in time, and unequal time intervals is complex and unexplored. ... The following is R output without measurement errors. ... Chandra Blog . ...

... Wind, Air Temperature, Dew Point and Relative Humidity Statistics, yearly, 2000 to 2005 (pdf) and seasonal, 1999 to 2007 (pdf) . Wind and Wind gust . Temperature . Relative Humidity . Dew-point Temperature . ... Real Time Astroclimate . ... Astroclimatology of ESO Sites , ESO Wide Review, April 2000 . Paranal Long Term Astroclimate Analysis . ... Send comments to <Marc.Sarazin@eso.org> . Last update: September 8, 1999 . ...

... Let us first find out which way -- rise in spectral resolution with some loss in the S/N ratio or increase in the S/N ratio with a fixed spectral resolution -- is better for the purpose of reduction of equivalent width determination errors. ... N -- number of counts for 1 ? ... line equivalent width, . ... Thus if the spectral resolution is managed to be increased (i.e. to decrease )without loss in the number of counts falling at 1 ?, the equivalent width measurement error is then proportional to . ...

... This calibration approach is recommended when dealing with high frequency data from the old ATCA correlator, especially at 3mm wavelengths. ... The approach described here exploits the dual frequency bands that were available with the old correlator. ... Rather the current approach assumes that you have a single Miriad dataset containing bandpass calibrator, phase calibrator, flux density calibrator and program source. ... MFCAL . ... Input multi-source, dual-band dataset. select=source(1921-293) . ...

... When this mode is used, there is a potential error caused by the imbalance in amplitude and phase of the two signals (linear polarization) being input to the hybrid. ... Vaout,Vbout : Hybrid A,B voltage outputs. eps : The relative phase error between the two input signals. w : Frequency of the input signal. ... When a single diode is used (correlated cal.. eg. the calibration button on the gui) then eps is defined and the output cal value in the two channels will vary depending on the phase error...

... Numerical Modeling of RadioAstron SRT Temperature Deformations M. Yu. Arkhipov, I. S. Vinogradov, S. B. Novikov, and S. D. Fedorchuk Astro Space Center, Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia e mail: rusengineer@mail.ru Received December 16, 2013 Abstract--The results of modeling the thermal deformations of a space radio telescope's reflecting surface are presented in the paper. ...

... 2009 April 21 . Global Warming Predictions . Credit Copyright : Robert A. Rohde , Global Warming Art . Explanation: How much will the Earth's surface warm up over the lives of our children? ... Compared to the past 100 million years, the Earth is currently enduring a relative cold spell , possibly about four degrees Celsius below average. Over the past 100 years, however, data indicate the average global temperature of the Earth has increased by nearly one degree Celsius . ...

... 7 Comments None 3 0.1 1 10 normalized counts/sec/keV Black (qe16) Red (qe17) 1ES0102 REV 0065 MOS2 1 0.2 0.5 -100 -50 0 sign(d-m)*C channel energy (keV) Figure 3: As previous figure, but for MOS2 4 0 10 20 30 40 0.5­2.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 statistical basis: 117 observations relative flux in different bands [Joined fit = 1] pn MOS1 MOS2 RGS1 RGS2 xmmsas_20060628_1801­7.0.0_ccf_pub 0 10 20 30 2.0­10.0 0.6 0.8 ...

A spherical meteorite of radius 3m enters the Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of 100km and a speed (relative to the Earth) of 30 km/s. The atmosphere slows it down, so when it hits the Earth's surface it is travelling at only 1 km/s. If half of the heat generated as it passes through the atmosphere is absorbed by the meteorite, how hot will it be when it is about to land? ... However, the number I calculated (500,000 K) is correct, as is the discussion that follows it. ...

Different types of satellite orbits have different uses: while the synchronous orbit is best for communication satellites, Lagrangian point orbits help monitor the solar wind before it reaches Earth. A low altitude polar orbit is widely used for monitoring the Earth because each day, as the Earth rotates below it, the entire surface is covered. ... A different choice was made for MAGSAT, orbited 1979-80 to survey the Earth's own magnetic field near its surface. ...

... Low Polar Orbit . ... Different types of satellite orbits have different uses: while the synchronous orbit is best for communication satellites, Lagrangian point orbits help monitor the solar wind before it reaches Earth. ... Many spacecraft use such orbits, e.g. the US Air Force surveillance satellites of the DMSP series, or the series of French Earth-resources spacecraft SPOT . ... If the satellite then starts near a noon-midnight orbit, it will always pass near noon and near midnight. ...

IBIS Data Analysis . ... IBIS . ... Flat Fielding - Introduction . The images obtained by IBIS will have intensity variations across the field of view that are not due to the solar image, but rather caused by instrumental effects that alter the observed intensity in each point of the field of view. ... IBIS Flat Fielding Techniques . ... Therefore, it is desirable to obtain the flat field measurements center on a point along the equator near the heliographic center of the solar disk. ...

... Assured of a reliable method of solving the normal equations, we now consider the equations of condition. The observed magnitude m of a star at M air masses with true instrumental magnitude is modelled as ([ 10 ], [ 28 ]) . ... The effective extinction coefficient depends on the effective spectral gradient [ 29 ] of the star, for which we use some color index, affected by half the atmospheric reddening ([ 26 ], [ 10 ]): . ... Thus, for the B band of UBV, we use the (U-V) color. ...

. Figure 4: Orbits of the impacting asteroid and Scheila December 3, 2010, assuming an impact angle of 45ТА relative to the surface normal vector. Top: Face-on view, projected on the ecliptic plane. Bottom: Edge-on view, projected on the X-Z plane.

... Early on, our interest in chirping analysis functions was motivated by a different kind of chirping phenomenon: chirping due to perspective. ... Our interest in radar, however, drew us toward processes that are more accurately analyzed by linear-FM chirplets. ... We have also constructed other chirplet transforms, such as a three-parameter Doppler chirplet representation that models a source producing a sinusoidal wave, while moving along a straight line (e.g. a train whistle). ...