... There is general agreement in regions where young stars dominate the dust heating. ... hydrogen (H I) and molecular gas (traced by carbon monoxide, CO) or the dust mass is used to trace the total gas in the ISM ...
... The brightest infrared sources in the galaxy are the nucleus and the dust ring. ... 850 О?m emission and find that neither thermal dust emission, CO line emission, bremsstrahlung emission, nor the synchrotron ...
... continuum ratios in large excess of the average and containing hot dust, NGC 1377 has the largest infrared excess yet measured ... H II regions are detected through the single [Ne II] line, probing 85% of ionizing photons are suppressed by dust. ...
... We find that the HЮБ luminosity absorbed by dust correlates tightly with the 24 ЮМm emission. ... For the entire M81 galaxy, about 50% of the total SF is obscured by dust. ...
... the presence and temperature of cold dust and the excitation conditions and shocks ... Then, we measure line strengths, dust temperatures, and IR luminosities. ... distinguished from evolved stars by their cold dust and/or fine-structure lines ...
... of M33 result in observations that enable a detailed study of the distribution of star formation (SF) and dust in the galaxy ... At 160 ЮМm a diffuse cold dust component matches only approximately the structure of the old red stellar population or the ...