... In the outermost layers of stars - especially cool stars - and in interstellar space, temperatures become very low and conditions are favourable for atoms to combine as molecules and for molecules to aggregate as grains of dust. ...
... Ambipolar diffusion: the magnetic field is not tied to the molecules. ... ions drift or stream through the neutral molecules, then the field can be released ... C-shocks is observed as infrared and submillimeter radiation from excited molecules ...
... A collapse or implosion of a cloud of gas containing molecules and dust may lead to a low-mass star like our Sun. ... This leaves us with new questions: how can molecules survive such shattering speeds, and how do the cloud and protostar ...
... The emission is from hydrogen molecules, at a rest wavelength of 2.12 microns. ... the same model paraboloidal bow, C-type (i.e. the molecules are excited by the friction with streaming ions), shown moving at ...
... It turns out that the field can gradually slip out of the denser clumps of molecules by a process called ambipolar diffusion (a decoupling process: charged ions become rare, and the neutral molecules then slip between them). ...
... Bipolar Outflows associated with High-Mass Young Stars are spectacular structures in the near infrared: massive eruptions of molecules accompany the star formation process. ...
... Star Formation and Magnetohydrodynamics: one begins with clouds of molecules and dust....... one generates jets, shocks, turbulence, disks and protostars........... and one ends up with stars and planets. ...
... spectra display emission lines from excited molecules of hydrogen which can be ... prompted Rosen and Smith to simulate fast shocks in which molecules are destroyed ... to be possible because the reformation of molecules in the post-shock cooling flow ...
... Stars are born within stellar wombs: giant clouds of molecules and dust. ... This gas is moving at Mach 500, and the molecules survive. ... The molecules we observe are like beads which thread the wire, forced to move in ...