... This is because their shallow gravitational-potential well cannot retain the gas heated by young massive stars (by their stellar winds) and by supernova explosions. ...
... provide gravitational heating of protoelliptical galaxies at z 2 that turbulizes gaseous disks, stops wide-spread star formation and transforms stellar disks into stellar spheroids without the need of any feedback from supernova or AGN (Johansson et al ...
... On July 7, 2001, the galactic center was imaged with the WFPC2 camera through the F 606W and F 814W filters as part of a program aimed at searching for supernova progenitors (P.I.S. Smartt, PropID 9042). ...
... It is thought to have formed in small galaxies where the supernova-driven winds certainly play an important role in controlling star formation rate and metal enrichment. ...
... effective consumption of gas by star formation during a few 108 yr with subsequent feedback (stellar winds of massive stars and supernova explosions), which should clear the discs of remaining gas and would produce S0 galaxies which will be 1012 Gyr old ...