... The potential energy of the electron in the electric field of the nucleus is U (r ) = -e2 /(40 r ), where e is the magnitude of the electron's (or proton's) electric charge, 0 is a constant that you might have seen in your Physics class. ...
... The fall off of the energy spectrum of = 2 u is fast (11 orders of magnitude). 1 and the minimum at (1, 1, 1); 4 When applied for J = 20 nodes pj = j/J , j = 0,.. ...
... This estimate is then applied to getting the upper bound of the number of limit cycles of the Liґ enard equation x = y - F (x), y = -x through the (odd) power of the monic polynomial F and magnitudes of its coefficients. ...
... If we assume that c (s) is a decreasing function satisfying c (0) = 1 and lim c (s) = 0, then inside the regions where the magnitude s of the gradient of u is weak, the edges are preserved. ...