... The steppe soils was established to suffer different pedogenesis and denudation for the last 5 millenniums. ... and crisis epochs in the life of ancient tribes on the territory of Modern semiarid zone of Eurasia for the last 5 millenniums ...
... However, approximately at the end of the first millennium (A.D.) the abrupt disappearance of those cultures, particularly in the southern valley, is attributed to an extreme drought extended during the next four centuries. ...
... analyses, archaeological artefacts and radiocarbon datings on charcoal collected into the profiles indicate that these soils suffered degradation processes due to the wood exploitation for iron ore smelting, since the first millennium BC ...
... These studies clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using environmental magnetic measurements to resolve proxy paleoclimate features with time scales of a millennium or less. ...