Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia . ... Response of soil and soil water of podzols in the Kola Peninsula to acid deposition was estimated under both field and laboratory conditions. A significant increasing trend of exchangeable acidity in organic (O) horizons and exchangeable Al in podzolic (E) horizons of podzols with distance from the nickel smelter was observed. ... Simulated acid rain enhanced the leaching of exchangeable base cations out of root zone. ...