Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://zmmu.msu.ru/personal/pavlinov/doc/morph-11-e.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Thu Apr 28 13:43:58 2011 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 03:35:22 2012 Êîäèðîâêà:

«Succession model» for analysis of morpho-disparity of the measurable traits
© 2011

Pavlinov I.Ya., Nanova O.G.

Zoological Museum, Moscow State Universiy

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Basic «metaphisics»
Biota and morphological disparity Biota is self-developing non-equilibrial system. Self-development of biota causes its structuring. Biota's structuring is manifested in existence of organismal groups differing by their traits. The totality of differences among those groups is considered as morphological disparity (MD) Systemic nature of biota implies systemic nature of MD: The latter is structured in a non-accidental way, the BD forms being interrelated causally (at least in part).
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Basic «metaphisics»
Systemic nature of morphological disparity (BD) BD forms are «external» appearances of the biotic structure, produced by different causes: age variation sex variation geographic variation interspecies variation ...

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Basic «metaphisics»
Systemic nature of morphological disparity (BD) BD structure is interrelation among BD forms Structural approach to BD investigation implies analysis of interrelations among BD forms Systemic nature of BD presumes that interrelations among BD forms are in part causal At least some of BD forms could constitute a part of causulities affecting certain properties of some other BD forms

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Basic «metaphisics»
Succession among forms of morphological disparity (MD) «Succession» among BD forms presumes causal relations among these forms irrelative to any external factors Successions means there are primary (initial) and secondary (derived) BD forms Initial BD form External factors Secondary BD form

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Basic «metaphisics»
Succession among forms of morphological disparity (MD) Strong succession means that initial MD form have strong impact upon secondary MD form, while external factors have weak impact Initial BD form External factors Secondary BD form

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Basic «metaphisics»
Succession among forms of morphological disparity (MD) Weak succession means that initial MD form have weak impact upon secondary MD form, while external factors have strong impact Initial BD form External factors Secondary BD form

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Basic «metaphisics»
«Growth model» Growth is one of the principal causes of disparity of measurable traits Growth variation is primary MD form of measurable traits Other MD form are secondary one which are «superimposed» over age variation while affected by external factors
Example: Growth variation Spatial gradient of ecological factors Geographic variation
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Operational model
Succession among forms of morphological disparity (MD) Basic «null model»: Other things being equal, the higher is correlation among parameters of MD forms, the stronger is succession among them

Significant deviation from the suggestion of basic «null model» means weak succession and so allows to suppose strong affect of some external factors

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Operational model
Succession among forms of morphological disparity (MD) Numerical analysis of relations among MD forms could serve as a means of testing the basic «null model» «External» manifestation of MD forms succession is correlation of their parameters Strong succession means high correlation Weak succession means low correlation

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Morphospace (MS)
MS axes are variables, by which MD is characterized

Aspects of consideration of MS R-aspect Q-aspect

MS axes are defined by traits
Comparison of MD forms in the traits hyperspace

MS axes are defined by MD forms
Comparison of traits in the MD forms hyperspace

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Morphospace (MS)
Q- and R- aspects of MS consideration

Comparison of MD forms in the trates hyperspace

Comparison of traits in the MD forms hyperspace

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F1

F1
3 4
Trait gradient MD form effect Trait gradient

1 2

3

F2
2

4
MD form effect

F2
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1-4 ­ traits F1-F2 ­ MD forms


Morphospace (MS)
Principal parameters of the STRAUCTURE of morphospace Scalar: ­ portion in overall MD Vector: ­ direction of predominating trend in MD ­ co-directionality of trends in MD

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Co-directionality of MD forms (Q-aspect) Basic idea:
Q-aspect of MS consideration presumes an integral evaluation of overall variation without evaluation of inputs of variation of particular traits Differences among respective groups corresponding to particular MD form could be represented as a vector of its predominating trend in the given MS

Co-directionality of vectors reflects degree of concordance of respective trends in the given MS

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Co-directionality of MD forms (Q-aspect) Basic idea:
Trait 1
m or F

rm Fo





Trait 2 Identification and comparison of directions of predominating trends of two forms of group variation

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Co-directionality of MD forms (Q-aspect) «Growth model»:
Different manifestation of age and geographic variation Similar manifestation of age and geographic variation.

Weak co-directionality

Strong co-directionality

el od ll m nu

el od ll m nu

age geography
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Co-directionality of MD forms (Q-aspect)
Interrelations of different MD forms in the same group
Sex and age differences trends
Marten 45 Red fox 19 Polar fox 9


Geographic and age differences trends
Red fox 15 age sex geography
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Polar fox 34


Co-directionality of MD forms (Q-aspect)
Interrelations of the same MD form in different groups
Age differences trends
Marten ­ Polar fox Marten ­ Red fox Red fox - Polar fox

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35

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Sex differences trends
Marten ­ Polar fox Marten ­ Red fox Red fox - Polar fox

13 Marten Red fox Polar fox

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10

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Analysis of traits (R-aspect)

R-aspect allows to consider manifestations of different MD forms on particular traits It presumes individuated approach to the analysis of traits

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Analysis of traits (R-aspect)
Growth model
Relations among age, sex and geographic variation of skull traits in the polar fox
Strong succession
ALOPEX 28
ML CL TL ZW

Weak succession
50 MH

24

BH

BL BW RL

20
MH

40

16 SEX
FH FL

30

FW BH

CL FL

12
FW

20 PW 10
SW

ML FH BW BL SW ZW RL TL

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4
PW

0

0 2 4 6 8 10 AGE 12 14 16 18

-10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

age sex geography Null model
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Analysis of traits (R-aspect)
Speciation model
Relations among subspecies and interspecies differences by skull traits in the geuus Meriones
Weak succession

MERIONES 50

40

BU

30 SUBSPE
BW

BW2

20

IL

10

IW NW CL ZW NL TL DL

0 0 10 20 SPE 30 40 50

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species

subspecies

Null model


Contacts:
http://zmmu.msu.ru/personal/pavlinov/pavlinov1.htm nanova-new@rambler.ru

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Thanks for attention

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