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Arthropoda Selecta 19(2): 103-107

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2010

A revision of the Erigone species described by T. Thorell from Burma (Aranei: Linyphiidae) Ревизия видов Erigone, описанных Т. Тореллем из Бирмы (Aranei: Linyphiidae) Andrei V. Tanasevitch А.В. Танасевич
Centre for Forest Ecology and Production, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 84/32, Moscow 117997 Russia. E-mail: and-tan@mail.ru Центр по проблемам экологии и продуктивности лесов РАН, Профсоюзная ул. 84/32, Москва 117997 Россия.

KEY WORDS: Spiders, Linyphiidae, type, new synonymy, new combination, Myanmar. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Пауки, Linyphiidae, тип, новый синоним, новая комбинация, Мьянма. ABSTRACT. Revision of the types of the linyphiid spiders described by T. Thorell in Erigone from Burma (=Myanmar) revealed that Erigone chiridota Thorell, 1895 = Linyphia chiridota (Thorell, 1895), comb.n.; Erigone birmanica Thorell, 1895 = Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), = H. fasciata (Thorell, 1898), syn.n. (both comb.n. ex Erigone); Erigone crucifera Thorell, 1895 = Nasoona crucifera (Thorell, 1895), = N. occipitalis (Thorell, 1895), = N. gibbicervix (Thorell, 1898) (all comb.n. ex Erigone), = Trematocephalus eustylis Simon, 1909, all syn.n.; while Erigone bhamoensis Thorell, 1898 is a nomen dubium. Erigone mollicula Thorell, 1898 = Nesticella mollicula (Thorell, 1898), comb.n., being transferred to Nesticidae. РЕЗЮМЕ. Ревизия типов пауков-линифиид, описанных Т. Тореллем в роде Erigone из Бирмы (Мьянма), показала, что Erigone chiridota Thorell, 1895 = Linyphia chiridota (Thorell, 1895), comb.n.; Erigone birmanica Thorell, 1895 = Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), = H. fasciatus (Thorell, 1898) (оба comb.n. из Erigone); Erigone crucifera Thorell, 1895 = Nasoona crucifera (Thorell, 1895), = N. occipitalis (Thorell, 1895), = N. gibbicervix (Thorell, 1898) (все comb.n. из Erigone), = Trematocephalus eustylis Simon, 1909, все syn.n.; а Erigone bhamoensis Thorell, 1898 nomen dubium. Erigone mollicula Thorell, 1898 = Nesticella mollicula (Thorell, 1898), comb.n., и является представителем семейства Nesticidae. E. gibbicervix Thorell, 1898, and one, E. mollicula Thorell, 1898, from Asciuii Cheba, Mt. Corin. Even though Thorell's descriptions are highly detailed, they remain nearly useless for species identification because they contained no illustrations whatsoever. In addition to these Erigone species, Thorell [1898] described from Burma two Linyphia: L. macella Thorell, 1898, and L. multidens Thorell, 1898, both revised by Helsdingen [1969]. The present paper is revision of the type material of Erigone spiders described by Thorell [1895, 1898] from Burma.

Material and methods
The types of Thorell from Burma is shared between two museums: these described in 1895 are deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH), those described in 1898 are housed in the Museo di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", Genova, Italy (MSNG). All of the above types were examined, except for the holotype of E. bhamoensis which was not relocated and is presumably lost. For comparative purposes, material from the author's personal collection (CAT) was restudied as well.

Results
Linyphia chiridota (Thorell, 1895), comb.n. Figs 1-3.
1895 Erigone chiridota Thorell: 108, . TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. BMNH: A vial labeled "1895.9.21.275; Erigone chiridota, Thorell, , type; Tharrawaddy, Burma", contains a female carapace with legs partly broken off, and a separated abdomen.

Introduction
Thorell [1895, 1898] described eight species of Erigone Audouin, 1826 from Burma (Myanmar): five species from Tharrawaddy: E. birmanica Thorell, 1895, E. chiridota Thorell, 1895, E. crucifera Thorell, 1895, E. occipitalis Thorell, 1895 and E. bhamoensis Thorell, 1898; two from Bhamo: E. fasciata Thorell, 1898 and

REMARKS. There is no doubt that this long-legged linyphiid is not a representative of the genus Erigone.


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Figs 1-3. Linyphia chiridota (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., lectotype: 1 -- carapace; 2, 3 -- epigyne, ventral and posteroventral views, respectively. Рис. 13. Linyphia chiridota (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., лектотип : 1 карапакс; 2, 3 эпигина, соответственно вид снизу и сзади и снизу.

The chaeto- and trichobothriotaxy of the specimen is dubious, as neither spines nor trichobothria have been found. The epigyne of L. chiridota, comb.n., shown in Figs 2 & 3, bears some resemblance to that of the members of the Indonesian genus Ketambea Millidge et Russell-Smith, 1992, but the absence of the corresponding male makes the identity of this species unclear. Therefore, its transfer to the genus Linyphia Latreille, 1804 is only provisional. Nasoona crucifera (Thorell, 1895), comb.n.
1895 Erigone crucifera Thorell: 110, . 1895 E. occipitalis Thorell: 114, , syn.n. 1898 E. gibbicervix Thorell: 315, , syn.n. 1909 Trematocephalus eustylis Simon: 98, , syn.n. 2004 Nasoona eustylis. -- Tu & Li: 426, & . 2008 N. eustylis. -- Han & Zhu: 207, & . TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED: BMNH: A vial labeled "1895.9.21.276-295 (part); Erigone crucifera, Thorell, types; Tharrawaddy, Burma; 1971/50", contains 7 (lectotype and 6 paralectotypes, designated herewith) and a separated female carapace.

jective synonyms of Nasoona crucifera (Thorell, 1895), comb.n. The species has recently been redescribed and illustrated in due detail by Tu & Li [2004] and Han & Zhu [2008], being referred to as N. eustylis. Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), comb.n. Figs 4-6, 9, 10.
1895 Erigone birmanica Thorell: 111, & . 1898 E. fasciata Thorell: 316, , syn.n. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. BMNH: A vial labeled "1895.9.21.276-295 (part); Erigone birmanica, Thorell, , types; Tharrawaddy, Burma; 1971/51", contains 9 (lectotype and 8 paralectotypes, designated herewith). A second vial labeled "1895.9.21.276-295 (part); Erigone birmanica, Thorell, types; Tharrawaddy, Burma; 1971/52", comprises 38 , as well as 7 female abdomens and 14 carapaces, all separated, and all designated as paralectotypes.

REMARKS. All these females appear to belong to Nasoona Locket, 1982 and are conspecific not only to each other, but also to E. occipitalis Thorell, 1895, E. gibbicervix Thorell, 1898, and Nasoona eustylis (Simon, 1909), the latter trio thus representing junior sub-

REMARKS. All males and females appear to belong to Hylyphantes Simon, 1884 and are conspecific not only to each other, but also to Erigone fasciata Thorell, 1898, the latter species becoming a junior subjective synonym of Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), comb.n. The Oriental H. birmanicus is very similar to its Palaearctic vicariant, H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830), but differs by the position of a small but distinct tooth on the male palpal tibia (cf. Figs 4-5 and 7 & 8). The


Erigone from Burma

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Figs 4-10. Details of palp structure of Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., paralectotype (4-6, 9, 10), and H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830), specimen (CAT) from the Norskiy Nature Reserve, Amur Area, Russia (7, 8): 4-8 -- left palpal tibia, dorsal view, different aspects; 9, 10 -- embolus (not to scale). Рис. 410. Детали строения пальпы самца Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., паралектотип (46, 9, 10), и H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830), экземпляр (CAT) из Норского заповедника, Амурская обл., Россия (7, 8): 48 голень левой пальпы, вид сверху; 9, 10 эмболюс (без масштаба).

females can be distinguished by the shape and direction of the receptacles (cf. Figs 11-13 and 14-16). VARIABILITY. The type series of H. birmanicus shows strong variability in size, ranging from 1.90 to 3.25 mm in , and from 2.15 to 3.60 mm in . The size and position of the tooth on the male palpal tibia is quite stable. Modest variation is also observed in the shape of the edge of the posterior median plate in the epigyne.

Nasoona occipitalis (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., syn.n.
1895 1895 1898 1909 2004 2008 Erigone crucifera Thorell: 110, . E. occipitalis Thorell: 114, . E. gibbicervix Thorell: 315, . Trematocephalus eustylis Simon: 98, . Nasoona eustylis. -- Tu & Li: 426, & . N. eustylis. -- Han & Zhu: 207, & .


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Figs 11-16. Structure of the vulva of Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., paralectotype (11-13), and H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830), specimen (CAT) from the Norskiy Nature Reserve, Amur Area, Russia (14-16): 11, 14 -- ventral view; 12, 15 -- dorsal view; 13, 16 -- anterodorsal view. Рис. 1116. Эндогина Hylyphantes birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., паралектотип (1113), и H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830), экземпляр (CAT) из Норского заповедника, Амурская обл., Россия (1416): 11, 14 вид снизу; 12, 15 вид сверху; 13, 16 сверху и спереди. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. BMNH: A vial labeled "1895.9.21.276-295 (part); Erigone occipitalis, Thorell, types; Tharrawaddy, Burma; 1891/53", contains a with both palps, two male carapaces and two male abdomens, separated. One the syntypes with an intact left palp, the other without palps, but one right palp (separated) is also available. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. MSNG: A vial labeled "Type , Erigone gibbicervix; Bhamo, Burma", contains a male with both palps.

REMARKS. All these belong to Nasoona, being conspecific not only to each other, but also to E. crucifera, described from females in the same paper [Thorell, 1895] only a few pages earlier, as well as to N. occipitalis (Thorell, 1895), comb.n., thus both these species becoming junior subjective synonyms of N. crucifera. Nasoona gibbicervix (Thorell, 1898), comb.n., syn.n.
1895 1895 1898 1909 2004 2008 Erigone crucifera Thorell: 110, . E. occipitalis Thorell: 114, . E. gibbicervix Thorell: 315, . Trematocephalus eustylis Simon: 98, . Nasoona eustylis. -- Tu & Li: 426, & . N. eustylis. -- Han & Zhu: 207, & .

REMARKS. The holotype belongs to Nasoona and is also conspecific to N. crucifera (Thorell, 1895). So N. gibbicervix (Thorell, 1898), comb.n., becomes another junior subjective synonym of N. crucifera. Hylyphantes fasciatus (Thorell, 1898), comb.n., syn.n.
1895 Erigone birmanica Thorell: 111, & . 1898 E. fasciata Thorell: 316, . TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. MSNG: A vial labeled "Erigone fasciata; Burma, Bhamo; type ", contains a female which appears to be conspecific to H. birmanicus (Thorell, 1895), thus also becoming its new junior subjective synonym.

Erigone bhamoensis Thorell, 1898, nom.dub. REMARKS. Unfortunately, the holotype of Erigone bhamoensis Thorell, 1898 (, 1.5 mm long) has
1898 Erigone bhamoensis Thorell: 314, .


Erigone from Burma been found neither in MSNG nor in BMNH, presumably to be considered as lost. The original description by Thorell [1898], however detailed, was not accompanied by any illustrations. Because an unequivocal identification of this species thus becomes impossible, E. bhamoensis must be referred to as a nomen dubium. Nesticella mollicula (Thorell, 1898), comb.n., family Nesticidae
1898 Erigone mollicula Thorell: 318, TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. "Types, Erigone mollicula; Burma, M. contains two : an entire (lectotype, well as a female carapace and a separated designated herewith). & . MSNG: A vial labeled Corin, Asciuii Cheba", designated herewith), as abdomen (paralectotype,

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I am deeply obliged to Maria Tavano (MSNG) and Janet Beccaloni (BMNH) for providing me of the type material under their care, as well as to Peter J. Schwendinger (Musйum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva) for his help in obtaining it. I wish to also thank Yuri Marusik (Magadan, Russia) for his help in the identification of the nesticid genus, as well as to Sergei Golovatch for checking the English of the final draft. This study was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects # 09-04-01365-а, and # 08-04-92230-а.

References
Han G.X., Zhu M.S. 2008. One new record species of the genus Nasoona from China (Arachnida: Araneae: Erigoninae) // J. Hebei Univ. (Nat. Sci. ed.). Vol.28. No.2. P.206-208. Helsdingen P.J. van. 1969. A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), 1 // Zool. Verh. Leiden. No.105. P.1- 303. Thorell T. 1895. Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. London. 406 p. Thorell T. 1898. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. LXXX. Secondo saggio sui ragni birmani. II. Retitelariae et Orbitelariae // Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova. Vol.2. No.19. P.271-378. Tu L. H., Li S. Q. 2004. A preliminary study of erigonine spiders (Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from Vietnam // Raffles Bull. Zool. Vol.52. No.2. P.419-433.

REMARKS. Both these females are conspecific to each other and belong to the nesticid genus Nesticella Lehtinen et Saaristo, 1980. NOTE. The above type material of E. mollicula contain two females, while its original description is based on both sexes (1 , 1 ). In the description of the male, Thorell wrote: "Bulbus parvus, non multo complicatus", which means "bulbus small, not much complicated". The could have been misplaced or lost, while Thorell might have originally omitted or later added one of the .