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Plecotus et al. 8 (2005): 8-16 __________________________________________________________________________________

599.4-15(477.54)

(Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) " "
..
" " ( ) : 1934-1949 1999-2004 . 50 Pipistrellus nathusii Vespertilio murinus, Myotis daubentonii, Nyctalus leisleri P. pipistrellus, N. lasiopterus, N. noctula Eptesicus serotinus. , . : , , , , , , .

( ) ( 1915, 1938; , 1952; . 1956). 1999 . , , , . .. ( 1941 ), , , 50 .

" " (49°35 .., 36°15 ..) , 10000 . . - , . , , . : , , , . , , .

Plecotus et al. 8 (2005)

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: , .

1999-2004 . . .. , . ( ). , , 600 . . Pettersson D200, , . . ( 2004), , , ( 2001). . , 2% . , , , . (. 1). 1805 9 . 1930- , (.. , . .). .. : , . . , 2% . 31 , "", "", ". ", ". , ", 18 . 10, .. "" 10, "" . (. ) . , , (.) , (1952). , 1934 1949 (1211 10 ). , , . -

10 "" ( 9%), "" ( 8 2%) "" ( 2%). , .. .. (1990).

1934-1949 . 10 : Myotis dasycneme, M. daubentonii, Nyctalus noctula, N. leisleri, N. lasiopterus, Eptesicus serotinus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. nathusii, Vespertilio murinus Plecotus auritus. (1999-2004 .) , N. lasiopterus, .. 50 , 10% . P. nathusii, M. daubentonii, N. leisleri V. murinus, N. noctula P. pipistrellus, . (. 1, . 1) . N. noctula E. serotinus, M. daubentonii, N. leisleri P. pipistrellus, P. nathusii V. murinus. P. auritus M. dasycneme ( ). , , (. 1). N. noctula, E. serotinus M. daubentonii, N. leisleri, P. nathusii P. pipistrellus; .

1934-1949

1999-2004

. 1. .
Fig. 1. Dynamics of relative abundance of bat species.

, . 24.07.1937 M. daubentonii 250 (,

Plecotus et al. 8 (2005)

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1952). ( . 1956; , 1990). M. daubentonii 39 (30.06.2004). 12.07.1937 V. murinus 120 , . 14.05.1939 P. nathusii 101 , 32 (06.08.1999). P. nathusii, P. pipistrellus V. murinus , M. daubentonii . N. leisleri N. noctula . , 50 23 , ; 48 22 . E. serotinus. 1930- , 3 40 .
1. .
Table 1. Number of captured and recorded bats over the two periods.

/ Methods of recording 1934-1949 1999-2004
Species , , Capture, visual censuses, shooting , , Capture, visual censuses, netting c Censuses with bat detectors

All methods

n M. dasycneme M. daubentonii N. noctula N. leisleri N. lasiopterus E. serotinus P. nathusii P. pipistrellus V. murinus Pl. auritus / Total 15 293 58 231 5 1 349 79 133 2 1211

% 1.2 24.2 4.8 19.0 0.4 0.1 32.5 6.5 10.9 0.1 100

n 102 440 113 358 53 28 1 6 1101

% 9.3 40.0 10.3 32.5 4.8 2.5 0.1 0.5 100

n 9 185 205 241 26 22 16 704

% 1.3 26.3 29.1 34.2 3.7 3.1 2.3 100

n 9 287 645 113 599 79 50 1 22 1805

% 0.5 15.9 35.7 6.3 33.2 4.4 2.7 0.1 1.2 100

N. lasiopterus. 1915 . 15 , 13 ( 1915). -

12 ( 1969; 1980; , 1999). 1938 . 5 , 3 N. noctula, N. leisleri, ( 1941; , 1952). , 1955 ., .. . 1960- (.. , . .): , . (. 2). 25.5% ( 50 ), 3% ( 100 ). , 3 , 90% . 2 , 44% .

. 2. . ; c . , ; .
Fig. 2. Composition of multispecies colonies. Figures in frames show the total number of multispecies colonies which include the both species; figures above the arrows mean the number of colonies found. The arrows point to the more numerous species or, in case of equal number of individuals, to both species.

, , (. 3). E. serotinus ( 1941), . -

Plecotus et al. 8 (2005)

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, , (. 3).

. 3. .
Fig. 3. Usage of different types of shelters by bats.

E. serotinus N. noctula , . , , 1930 . ( 1939). 70 E. serotinus - ( 1995; 2000). , , . N. noctula, , , , , . .. .. (. .), 50 ; , .. I . , , . , N noctula.

14 V. murinus, P. nathusii P. pipistrellus . , . , , ; , . P. nathusii, P. pipistrellus V. murinus . (, 1998). P. auritus 18-20 . , P. nathusii P. pipistrellus, V. murinus . , P. nathusii, 10 ( 1980). , , . , , -, 100 P. nathusii 40 E. serotinus; -, , 1.5 . , . , . (, 1996) .

.. .. . , : .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. .

.., .., .. 1956. Chiroptera. .: . 1. . . 1. . , . , - , 446 . .., .. 1999. . Plecotus et al. 2: 44-59.

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.., .. 1998. . .: ' 98 ( , . 1). : 100-104. .. 1995. - . . 1: 84-85. .. 2004. . Plecotus et al. 7: 3-6. ., . 1996. (Chiroptera) . . 5: 136-142. .. 1939. (Eptesicus serotinus Schreb.) . . . . . . - 1: 321-324. .. 2000. - . Plecotus et al. 3: 43-49. .. 1980. (Nyctalus lasiopterus) . .: (Chiroptera). ., : 55-58. .., .. 1952. (Chiroptera) . . . - 44: 87-92. .. 1915. Nyctalus maximus Fatio . . -. 5: 6. .. 1938. ( ). , - , 426 . .. 1941. (Chiroptera) []. .. 1969. . . . . -. 224(7): 119-130. .. 1980. . .: : . ., : 23-46. .. 2001. . Plecotus et al. 4: 3-7. .., .. 1990. (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) . . 225: 42-167.

Summary
Vlaschenko A.S. 2005. Current status and dynamics of bat population (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) of the National Park "Gomolshanskye Lessa". Plecotus et al. 8: 8-16. The National Park "Gomolshanskye Lessa" (49°35 N, 36°15 E) is one of the largest forest massive in the territory of Kharkov Region. The total square of its woodland part is 10000 ha. The forest grows on the right upland bank of the Seversky Donets River and is composed by oak-groves of different age. The study of bats in Gomolsha was carried out from the beginning up to the middle of the XX century (Migulin 1915, 1938; Moskovsky 1941; Lisetsky, Kunichenko 1952; Abelentsev et al. 1956). We resumed these investigations in 1999. In the both periods (19341949 and 1999-2004), the area under study encompassed the northeastern part (ca. 600 ha) of the forest in vicinity of the biological station attached to V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University and territories near settlements Koropovo and Gaydary. Bats were searched for in forest in tree hollows and under bark, in the first period they were sometimes shot, and now we used mist-nets and an ultrasound detector (Pettersson D200). In the first period 1211 individuals of 10 species and in the second period 1805 individuals of 9 species were captured and recorded (Table 1). For evaluation of relative abundance of bat species, we used only number of captured and shot bats in the first period and captured bats in the second one.

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From 1934 to 1949, in the Gomolsha forest 10 bat species had been recorded (Myotis dasycneme, M. daubentonii, Nyctalus noctula, N. leisleri, N. lasiopterus, Eptesicus serotinus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. nathusii, Vespertilio murinus and Plecotus auritus). At that time, the most frequent species were P. nathusii, M. daubentonii, N. leisleri and V. murinus, the common ones were N. noctula and P. pipistrellus, the others were rare (Table 1). For the second period (1999-2004) the same species, except for N. lasiopterus, have been recorded. Relative abundance of bat species (Fig. 1) shows that N. noctula, E. serotinus have now become most frequent, though M. daubentonii and N. leisleri are keeping their status of frequent species as well. Proportions of P. nathusii and V. murinus have decreased dramatically. In the first period 25.5% of the bat colonies were multispecies, and 90% of the recorded species were involved in their formation. In the second period, only 3% of the found colonies were multispecies, and 44.4% of species were involved in their formation (Fig. 2). Maximum size of colonies of M. daubentonii, P. nathusii and V. murinus has decreased, and in N. noctula and N. leisleri it remains at the same level. Increase in number of individuals in colonies is observed only in E. serotinus: in the 1930s only one specimen was captured, and now at least 3 colonies consisting of 40 and more adult females live near the biological station. In the first period bats occupied only natural roosts (tree hollows and cracks under the bark). In the second period bats were found in buildings and tree hollows, but not behind tree bark (Fig. 3). The reasons for the changes observed in the bat community of the Gomolsha forest are not quite clear. Felling of trees has not been practised since the beginning of the XX century, hence, any decrease in number of natural roosts has hardly occurred. The buildings inhabited by bats appeared as late as in the 1970s, and bats began to use spaces behind wooden siding of buildings the artificial analogous of cavities under the bark of trees. The simplest explanation for the drop in relative abundance of P. nathusii, P. pipistrellus and V. murinus is migration of colonies of these species beyond the borders of the study area. K e y w o r d s : bats, relative abundance, roost sites, colonies, oak-groves, Kharkov Region, Ukraine. : / 10971, 61013, E-mail: vlaschenko@yandex.ru
Author's address: Anton S. VLASCHENKO P.O. Box 10971, Kharkov 61013, Ukraine E-mail: vlaschenko@yandex.ru