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Plecotus et al. 8 (2005): 43-53 __________________________________________________________________________________

599.42+470.55+502.72


..
: . . . : , , , , .

13 ( 2004), 7 : Myotis brandtii, M. mystacinus, M. daubentonii, M. dasycneme, M. nattereri, Eptesicus nilssonii Plecotus auritus. .


, 15 ( , , , , , , , , , , , ) 1997 2004 . ( 2001, 2003). ­ ( 1999), ( 2001, 2003). Magenta Electronic MK II Pettersson Electronic D 240. 10 . 10 , 7 . 2800 , 1645. ( 150 ) .


, , ­ ,


44 . ( 800) . , , , . : , ­ .



: 45.4% 100%, 24.4%. (n=862) 84.4%, () ­ 15.6% (. 1). (, 1999).
1. , - 2002-2004 .
Table 1. Sex and age composition of sedentary bats captured in cave areas of the South Urals from July to September 2002-2004.


Species

ad N n 143 108 230 78 61 189 92 901 109 82 198 72 54 159 54 728 % 76.2 76.0 86.1 92.3 88.5 84.1 58.7 80.8 n 31 18 27 6 7 29 16 134 % 21.7 16.6 11.7 7.7 11.5 15.4 17.4 14.9 n 3 8 5 ­ ­ 1 22 39

juv % 2.1 7.4 2.2 ­ ­ 0.5 23.9 4.3

M. M. M. M. M. P. E.

brandtii mystacinus daubentonii dasycneme nattereri auritus nilssonii

/ Total

, , . . , , . , ( ) 5 : , , , (. 1). ; , ­ ; ­ -


Plecotus et al. 8 (2005)

45

, ­ . , , . , ­ . , ­ .

. 1. . 1 ­ , 2 ­ , 3 ­ . .
Fig. 1. Changes in sex and age composition of bats occurring in cave areas of the South Urals. 1 ­ males, 2 ­ females, 3 ­ young. Total number of individuals recorded in each month is in brackets.

( 1992, 1999) , , . , , ( 2003). ( ) (t=10°C, 80-98%). 4.08.03 5 . 13.08.02


46 , 5.08.03 . ( 2003), . - , , . , , , . - 7-8 , . , 1-1.5 , . , 200 , , . "" .



. , , . , ( 2003). , , ( 1997), . , ( 1999) , . (n=39) (n=6) (, 1990; . 2002, 2002; 2001, 2004). ­ . . (86.7%) , . 6 2 (. 2). - . (1-2 ). - , , , , . - , ­ . - . , ­ 90.7% (n=518), 10.2%. (. 2).


Plecotus et al. 8 (2005)

47

2. ( 1997-2003 .).
Table 2. Sex and age composition, and relative abundance of bats occurring in Ilmenian Reserve (on basis of captures in 1997-2003).

Species M. brandtii M. mystacinus M. daubentonii M. dasycneme P. auritus E. nilssonii P. nathusii V. murinus / Total n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n %

ad 37 58.7 15 37.5 25 51.0 351 71.3 11 61.0 79 69.3 25 30.9 116 50.7 659 2 4.1 40 8.1 1 5.6 7 6.1 18 22.2 11 4.8 82 3 4.8 12 19.0 10 25 11 22.45 56 11.4 3 16.7 16 14.1 18 22.2 52 22.7 178

juv 11 17.5 15 37.7 11 22.45 45 9.2 3 16.7 12 10.5 20 24.7 50 21.8 167

/ Total % N 63 40 49 492 18 114 81 229 1086 5.8 3.7 4.5 45.3 1,7 10.5 7.4 21.1 100

(, 1990). . 5 ( , , , ) ­ 70.1% (n=721), 37.3%. С , , , , . . 39 80% . (n=6) ­ , (n=2), (n=1). ( 1993). , -


48 , . . . , . 400 700 ... . (. 3).
3. .
Table 3. Number of records and approximate size of maternity bat colonies in the territory of Ilmenian Reserve.


Species

M. brandtii M. mystacinus M.daubentonii M. dasycneme P. auritus E. nilssonii P. nathusii V. murinus

<15 3 1 1 ­ 3 1 4 1

<30 1 2 2 2 ­ 1 1 3

/ Number of females <45 <60 <75 <90 <150 ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ 1 ­ ­ ­ ­ 1 2 ­ ­ ­ 3 6 2 1 2 ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ 2 ­ ­ ­ ­ 2 ­ ­ ­ ­ 2 3 1 ­ ­

<300 ­ ­ ­ 1 ­ ­ ­ ­

( 300 ) . ­ , . 15 . , ( 45 ) ( 60). ( ) , , (, ). , , . , ( 10 ), . . (6 ) ( 2001).


Plecotus et al. 8 (2005)

49

. - 2-3 . .



, (, 1990; 1999), , . , , . , , , -, , , , . - (.. , . .) . ­ . . , 30 400 . , ( 2003). , , : (. 2). , ­ - . ( 1990). . . 2 . ­ , . , . , ( ). - 50 200 (. 2), - 52°30' .., ( 1999; . 2002). , , , , . ,


50 (, 1990; . 1999) , , .. .

. 2. () (). 1 ­ , 2 ­ .
Fig. 2. Summer records of reproductive females (a) and male groups (). 1 ­ approximate boundaries of wintering zone, 2 ­ boundaries of breeding zones.

300-400 . (30-350 ) ( 1970; 1980; Masing 1999). , , , . : , . , , ,


Plecotus et al. 8 (2005)

51

. . , . , . - . , , , (n=26): , , . . , (n=91). (n= 67) , . , , . , . , . , , , , , . . ( ) , . (, 1990; . 1999) ­ 62.2% (n=1040). , : , , ( 2002).


52


.. .


.., .. 1999. . ­ Plecotus et al. 2: 44-59. . . 1999. . ­ Plecotus et al. 2: 10-19. .. 2002. - (Chiroptera) . . . . ., 24 . .. 1990. . ., - , 191 . .. 1992. . ­ .: . , - . . -: 3-21. .. 1999. (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) - : . . . , 49 . .., .., .., .., .., .. 1999. (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) 20- . ­ 6: 464-467. .., .., .. 2002. , (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) . ­ Plecotus et al. 5: 63-80. .., .., .. 2002. (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) . ­ .: : . . . . . 3. : 136-147. .. 1980. . ­ .: . ., : 23-46. .. 2001. (Chiroptera) . ­ Plecotus et al. 4: 69-74. .. 2001. ­ . ­ Plecotus et al. 4: 3-7. .. 2003. . ­ Plecotus et al. 6: 49-58. .. 2003. . ­ .: : 2 . . . : 261-262. .. 2004. (Mammalia, Chiroptera) . . . . , 25 . .. 1970. (Chiroptera) . . 1. ­ . . . . 75(2): 38-52. .. 1997. (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) . . 1. ­ . . 76(9): 1073-1082. .., .. 1990. (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) . ­ . . - 225: 42-167. . 2003. " -". [ : WEB: http://www.steppe.ru/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=52] .. 1993. . : "", 268 .


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Masing M., Poots L., Randla T., Lutsar L. 1999. 50 years of bat-ringing in Estonia: methods and the main results. ­ Plecotus et al. 2: 20-35.

S

UMMARY

Snitko V.P. 2005. Summer habitats of sedentary bat species in the South Urals. ­ Plecotus et al. 8: 43-53. From 1997 to 2004 we conducted summer stationary investigations of bats occurring in the Ilmenian Reserve as well as in karst area of the South Urals. At all underground sites and in their surroundings, males prevailed among adult individuals of 7 sedentary species (n=862) from July to September (Table 1, Fig. 1), composing an overall 84.4%. Contrary, in the reserve (Table 2) females of the same species (except for Myotis nattereri) predominated, constituting 90.7% among adults (n=518). Sex ratio of juveniles was close to 1:1. The largest colony size, up to 300 adult females, was observed in M. dasycneme (Table 3). Thus, genders of sedentary bat species are spatially segregated during summer: females reside in the breeding zone, while males occupy territories in vicinity of caves, that is in the wintering zone (Fig. 2). K e y w o r d s : bats, habitat, sex ratio, wintering zone, breeding zone, South Urals. : , . 456017, . E-mail: snitko@ilmeny.ac.ru
Author's address: Vladimir P. SNITKO Ilmenian Reserve, Miass, Cheliabinsk Region 456017, Russia E-mail: snitko@ilmeny.ac.ru