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Plecotu s et al. 15-16 (2013): 1422 _____________________________________________________________________________

..
, . 8 , 202, 620144; masha-orlova@mail.ru (Spinturnix Macronyssus) . . . Spinturnix , . Macronyssus . : , , Spinturnix, Macronyssus, .

( 2000) , , +3° +5°. Spi ntu rnix Macrony ssus (Dusbabek 1972; Haitlinger 1978 , b; 1993). .

, (1999). (, ) ( 1993); , . , . 399 8 ( , , , , , , , ). ( 1956). 5968 Spinturnix (791 ) Macronyssus (5177 ).

Plecotu s et al. 15-16 (2013)

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30- ( 1938) (Beck 1966; Rei sen et al. 1976). , ( ) Mac ronyssus, Myotis velifer (J.A. Allen 1890). Spinturnix (Deunff, Beaucournu 1981), . - (Estrada-PeЯa et al. 1991) Spi ntu rnix psi . (Zah n, Rupp 2004) , , . Macronyssus, , -. (Lucan 2006), , Spinturnix andegavinus . (Chr iste et al. 2007), , , Spinturnix , , . (LourenГo, Palmeirim 2007; LourenГo 2008) , . Spinturnix , . Spint urnix : Spinturnix myoti (Kolenati, 1856), Spinturnix kolenatii Oudemans, 1910 Spin turnix plecotinus (Koch, 1839), , Myotis (). (S. kolenatii S. plecotinus) : S. kolenatii , S. plecotinus -

16 (Radovsky 1967; Stanyukovi ch 1997). Spinturnix myoti 40%, . (-), , 100%, 15, 34 ( ""). S. kolenatii, , .. , ( 2009), (-) , . S. plecotinus (. 1). , , , - , ( 20 2010 . . ). , Spinturnix , Spinturnix andegavinus (Lucan 2006) (Deunff, Beaucournu 1981; Estrada-PeЯa et al. 1991). Macronyssus (M. corethroproctus), - (M. diversipilis) (M. crosbyi, M. ellipticus). Macronyssus corethroproctu s (Radovsky 1967; 1970; Dusbabek 1972; 1990), 99.8% . Macronyssus diversipilis (Dusbabek 1972) , . ( 1990; . 1991), Macronyssus diversipilis , , Spinturnix myoti, Myotis (), , , . Macrony ssus c rosbyi, Myotis lucifugus, : , , , . ( 1990). M. crosbyi, , , , .

1. ( , 2009) Spinturnix -. Table 1. Sex and age structure of Spinturnix superpopulations (populations of ectoparasites in ecos ystem, Balashov 2009) in different periods of life cycle of their bat hosts.
Ectoparasite species Host's life sta ge Wintering Reprodu ction Spinturnix myoti N=558 38 126 50 (1) 170 (77) N1 84 N2 90 29 47 Spinturnix kolenatii N=192 26 (1) 54 (22) N1 4 N2 32 9 6 Spinturnix plecotinus N=41 12 14 N1 N2

: . N1 (protonymphs), N2 (deutonymphs). 2. Macronyssus . Table 2. Sex and age structure of superpopulation of Macronyssus mites in winter and summer shelters.
Mite species /S helt ers Hibernacula e Maternity roosts 6 24 Macronyssus corethroproctus N=4944 177 200 (148) N1 4372 158 N2 7 Macronyssus crosbyi N=148 14 4 12 7 (4) N1 92 19 Macronyssus diversipilis N=51 5 7 3 18 (12) N1 4 14 Macronyssus ellipticus N=34 3 N1 31 -

: . N1 (protonymphs), N2 (deutonymphs).

18 Macrony ssus elliptic us, (Dusba beck 1971), , . : , . Macronyssus Spinturnix. Macronyssus , , , , - , Mac ronyssus (. 2). , , ( ). Macronyssus, , , () Macronyssus corethroproctus : 1 , 48 , 1279 , 90% . (. 2). Macronyssus M. flavus (Haitlinger, Lupicki 2008). - (1991), - M. ellipticus M. cyclaspis ( Miniopterus schreibersii) , (1972) (1978) , (. 1). , , : , M. ellipticus (. 1, ). (34° . .) M. crosbyi (1976). , , , , Macronyssus . ,

Plecotu s et al. 15-16 (2013)

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Macronyssus : +5°, : +8°...+10° . , : , LourenГo Palmeirim (2008) , , , 11°.

. 1. Macronyssus - ( Heitlinger 1978). M. cyclaspis ( Barbastella barbastellus); B M. ellipticus (: Plecotus auritus, Myotis nattereri, M. daubentonii, M. dasycneme, M. brandtii, M. mystacinus). 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 . Fig. 1. The abundance index of gamasid Macronyssus mites during hibernation of the bat-hosts (after Heitlinger 1978). M. cyclaspis (host Barbastella barbastellus); B M. ellipticus (hosts Plecotus auritus, Myotis nattereri, M. daubentonii, M. dasycneme, M. brandtii, M. mystacinus). 1 the mite population as a whole; 2 females; 3 protonymphs; 4 males.

, Macrony ssus , , . , . , +10°

20 , . ( +4°), ( -) , ( ). , Spinturnix , Macronyssus .

... .. , .. .. . 12-04-31270.

.. 2009. . , , 357 . .. 1999. . Plecotus et al. 2: 1019. .. 1956. (Gamasoidea): . .., - , 243 . .. 1938. . . . 17(1): 133145. .., .., .., .. 1991. . 25(1): 2737. .. 2000. (Mammalia, Chiroptera) . . . . , 16 . .., .., .. 2012. Macronyssus corethroproctus (Oudemans, 1902) (Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825)). 4: 303307. .. 1970. Ichor onyssus (Gamas oidea, Dermanyssida e) - . .: , . 5. : 7387. .. 1990. . 24(3): 193199. .. 1993. (Gamasina: Spinturni cidae, Ma cr onyssidae). . . . , 16 . Beck A.J. 1966. Factors affecting the density and occurrence of ectoparasites of bats: Ph.D. California, University of California, 98 pp. Christe P., Glaizot O., Evanno G., Bruyndonckx N., Devevey G., Yannic G., Patthey P., Maeder A., Vogel P., Arlettaz R. 2007. Host sex and e ct opar asites choi ce:

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preference for, and higher survival on female hosts. J. Animal Ecol ogy 76(4): 703710. Deunff J., Beaucournu J.-C. 1981. PhИnologie et variations du dermecos chez quelques espХces de Spinturnicidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Annales de Parasitologic humaine et compan 56: 203224. Dusbabek F. 1972. The zone of bat acarinia in Central Europe. Folia parasitologica 19: 139154. Estrada-PeЯa A., Balcells E., Serra-Cobo J. 1991. Los artrСpodos ectoparАsitos de murciИlagos en EspaЯa. Los MurciИlagos de EspaЯa y Portugal. In: J. Benzal, O. de Paz (eds.). ICONA. Min. Agric, Pesca y Alimentac. Madrid: 253280. Haitlinger R. 1978a. Pasozyt y zewnetrzne nietoperzy Dolnego Slaska. III. Spinturnicidae, Argasidae, Ixodidae (Acarina). Wiadomoci Parazytol ogiczne 24: 475 490. Haitlinger R. 1978b. Pasozyt y zewnetrzne nietoperzy Dolnego Slaska. IV. Macronyssidae, Dermanissidae, Veigaiaidae. Wiadomoci Parazytologiczne 24: 707718. Haitlinger R., Lupicki D. 2008. Arthropods (Acari, Siphonaptera, Heteroptera, Psocopera) associated with Nyctalus noctula (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southern Poland. Wiadomoci Parazytologiczne 54: 123130. LourenГo S. 2008. Ecology of a host-parasite system: a study in temperate cave-dwelling bats. Lisboa, Univ. de Lisboa, 122 pp. LourenГo S., Palmeirim J.M. 2008. Which factors regulate the reproduction of ectoparasites of temperate-zone cave-dwelling bats? Parasitology Res. 104(1): 127 134. Lucan R.K. 200 6. Relationships between the parasiti c mite Spint urnix andegavinus (Acari: Spinturnicidae) and its bat host, Myotis daubentonii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) : seas onal, sex- and age-related variation in infestation and possible impact of the parasite on the host condition and roosting behaviour. Folia parasitologica 53(2): 147152. Radovsky F. 1967. The Macronyssidae and Laelapidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) parasitic on bats. Barkeley, Univ. of California, 288 pp. Reisen W.K., Kennedy M.L., Reisen N.T. 1976. Winter ecology of ectoparasites collected from hibernating Myotis velifer (Allen) in southwestern Oklahoma (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J. Parasitol. 62: 628635. Stanyukovich M.K. 1997. Keys to the gamasid mites (Acari: Parasitiformes, Mesostigmata, Macronyssoidea et Laelaptoidea) parasiting bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Russia and adjacent countries. Rudolst. natur. histor. Schriften 7: 1346. Zahn A., Rupp D. 2004. Ectoparasite load in European vespertilionid bats. J. Zool. 262(4): 383391.

SUMMAR

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Orlova M.V. 1913. Patterns of the life cycle of gamasid mites ectoparasites of bats in the Urals. Plecotus et al. 15-16: 1422. The article presents data on the life cycles of two kinds of gamasid mites (Spinturnix and Macronyssus), which are permanent bat ectoparasites in the Urals region. Population dynamics and age-sex structure of arthropod superpopulations during hibernation and in summer roosts were studied. Life cycle of Spinturnix mites is

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associated with the life cycle of their hosts, while reproduction of Macronyssus mites occurs during all the presence of their hosts in summer roosts and is not linked with reproduction and lactation of the hosts. K e y w o r d s : the Urals, bat ectoparasites, Spinturnix, Macronyssus, life cycle.