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Plecotus et al. 9 (2006): 25-31 __________________________________________________________________________________

599.426:591.53


.. , .. , ..
. 7 , Myotis brandtii M. dasycneme. , . . , . : , , .

, ( ) , ( 1999). (1958). , (Borissenko, Kruskop 1996; . 1999), . , , ( . 1999; . 1999). , 2005-2006 . .


­ 1920- . (56є34' .., 34є59' ..), 170 - . , . 100 , ­ , (. 1).


26

. 1. . : 1 ­ , 2 ­ , 3 ­ , 4 ­ , 5 ­ . ; t ­ .
Fig. 1. An outline of the mine Ledyanaya. Figures from 1 to 5 indicate different parts of the mine. Arrows show the entrances. Letter t denotes those points where temperature and relative humidity were measured.

40в60 , 2.5 ( 70) . ­ 15-25 . , , . ( , , ) ­ . ­ , . , . , .


2005 2006 . , , , -


Plecotus et al. 9 (2006)

27

. 15 30 , 55 , , 29 (. 1). . . , . , , , , , . , .


, : 4є, (-) +1.3 +4.5є. 0є ( ­7.5є 15 ), . , , , +3.4є, +12.0є (. 2).

. 2. () () () .
Fig. 2. Changes in temperature in the mine Ledyanaya during a year. A ­ proximal part of the main room, ­ its deeper part, ­ the southern section (see 1, 2 and 5 in Fig. 1, respectively).


28 70-100%; ­ 84.0-94.2%. . , , , , . 7 . 550-600 . 70% Myotis brandtii; M. dasycneme Plecotus auritus (. 3, . 1). M. nattereri Eptesicus nilssonii. , M. daubentonii ­ . M. mystacinus .

. 3. ( 30 ).
Fig. 3. Changes by months in numbers of bats inhabiting the deeper part of the main room of the mine Ledyanaya (more than 30 m from the entrance).

, , -, . ( ) , . , , . , - .


Plecotus et al. 9 (2006)

29

, . , , E. nilssonii, ­1.6є. () ­3.4є. (, 1985) ( 1999). , . , , .
1. . M. mystacinus , .
Table 1. Numbers of bats in the mine Ledyanaya by months. M. mystacinus is omitted, since a specimen of this species has been identified only once during our study.

Species M. M. M. M. P. E. brandtii dasycneme nattereri daubentonii auritus nilssonii

12 277 57 8 10 19 4 375

1 165 74 13 5 20 8 285

2 133 18 4 7 21 13 196

3 63 72 3 4 14 5 161

4 49 36 8 4 1 4

/ Month 5 6 7 50 10 2 2 0 0 64 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 30 1 0 0 0 0 31

9 57 8 1 1 0 0 67

10 311 84 7 2 39 1 444

11 341 78 6 6 68 12 511

/ Total

102

, . ( ). (. 1). , , . , ( 66 5 ). , .


- , , , , .


30
Bat Conservation International "The Return of a Pond Bat".





.., .., .. 1999. . ­ .: 6 . -. . . ., : 33. .., .., .., .., .., .. 1999. (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) 20- . ­ 6: 464-467. ., .. 1986. . ­ . . . - 769: 41-55. .. 1999. . (- 1998 ). ­ .: : 8-20. .., .., .. 1999. (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) . ­ Plecotus et al. 2: 67-78. .. 1999. . ­ Plecotus et al. 2: 121-122. .. 1958. . ­ . . - 25: 255-303. Borissenko A., Kruskop S. 1996. Notes on bat hibernation sites from Central Russia. ­ . 30(6): 52.

S

UMMARY

Glushkova Yu.V., Kruskop S.V., Fedorov N.V. 2006. One-year monitoring of bats in their winter shelter in Central Russia. ­ Plecotus et al. 9: 25-31. We surveyed bats in their underground shelter in the second ten-day period each month from December 2005 to November 2006. The shelter is an abandoned limestone mine Ledyanaya in Tver Region (56є34' N, 34є59' E) some 170 km north-west of Moscow. It is about 100 m deep and divides into several parts (Fig. 1). Monthly changes of temperature in the mine are shown in Fig. 2. Inside the mine we counted bats visually, and in summer we also captured them nearby using Tuttle's hard trap, Borissenko's mobile trap and mist-nets. Most of bats were hibernating in the deeper part of the main room (see 2 in Fig. 1), where microclimatic conditions seemed to be more stable. Myotis brandtii, M. dasycneme and Plecotus auritus predominated there over other species (Fig. 3). Rare were M. nattereri, Eptesicus nilssonii and M. daubentonii. M. mystacinus was recorded only once over the study period. A few bats hibernated in the proximal part of that room, near the entrances (see 1 in Fig. 1), even at temperature ­1.6єC. Relatively warm southern section (see 5 in Fig. 1 and B in Fig. 2) was used by bats mainly in summer as a day roost. In mid March the bats were already active inside the mine, in April they began delivering their hibernaculum. In June only single males and non-reproductive females could be seen there, and in July the mine was empty (Table 1). It is noteworthy, that all over the summer flight activity of bats was low in neighbourhood of the mine. The bats appeared again in August: at that time 66 individuals of five species were captured near the mine and 31 bat specimens were recorded in day time inside it. We can suggest that definite composition of hibernating bat group is to be formed by November.


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K e y w o r d s : bats, underground shelter, numbers. : - . , -, . 172513 E-mail: myotis@rambler.ru . , 6, 125009 E-mail: kruskop@zmmu.msu.ru .. . , - . , 6, . 5, 129278
Authors' addresses: Yulia V. GLUSHKOVA Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve pos. Zapovednyi, Nelidovo District, Tver Region 172513, Russia E-mail: myotis@rambler.ru Sergey V. KRUSKOP Zoological Museum of Moscow State University ul. Bolshaya Nikitskaya 6, Moscow 125009, Russia E-mail: kruskop@zmmu.msu.ru N.V. FEDOROV Moscow Pedagogical State University ul. Kibalchicha 6, korp. 5, Moscow 129278, Russia