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Plecotus et al. 11-12 (2009): 3­13 __________________________________________________________________________________

599.426:592/599:001.4

(Plecotus auritus s. lato, Vespertilionidae)
.. , ..
, , : Plecotus auritus s. str. P. ognevi. , , . . . ( ). , . : , Plecotus auritus, Plecotus ognevi, , , .

, , . - . , , (Ibanez et al. 2006; Mayer et al. 2007; Mayer, Helversen 2001a). , , - "" , - (Helversen et al. 2001; Spitzenberger et al. 2002), , (Hulva et al. 2004; Matveev et al. 2005; Mayer, Helversen 2001b).


4 , , , , (Mayer et al. 2007). , , (Mayer, Helversen 2001a; Ruedi, Castella 2003), (Ruedi, . .). , , , . , , , , (Will, Rubinoff 2004). , , Plecotus s. str. (Kruskop, Lavrenchenko 2000; Spitzenberger et al. 2001; Kiefer et al. 2002; Kiefer, Veith 2002; Benda et al. 2004;), (Koopman 1994) ( 2006; Spitzenberger et al. 2006). (Dietz, Helversen 2004; Tvrtkovic et al. 2005), - . P. ognevi. , , P. austriacus s. lato , , : , , ( 1988; Paz 1994). ­ P. turkmenicus P. kozlovi ­ . P. strelkovi. P. auritus, . , .


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Plecotus, () (). , . 38 Plecotus auritus , , ; 32 Plecotus ognevi , , ; 18 Plecotus strelkovi . 23 P. auritus P. ognevi, P. strelkovi P. kozlovi. 88 50 , . 17 (. 1): (TL), - (CCL), (POW), (MW), (RW), (CC), (M3M3), (CM3), (P4M3), (CL), (CH), (M3L), (M3W), (ABL), (OPW), (MdL), (cm3). 0.01 . Statistica for Windows, Excel for Windows XP. , , , , , .


, -


6 . (. 1) , "", II , P4M3 MdL. , P. strelkovi, P. ognevi, P. auritus (Spitzenberger et al. 2006). , (20.96 22.5; 10.0 P. auritus P. ognevi).
1. . Table 1. Selected cranial and dental measurements of three long-eared bat species.
TL CCL POW MW CC M 3M CM PM CL CH M 3L M 3W ABL OPW MdL cm3 RW
4 3 3 3

Plecotus auritus s. str. n=38 min max M SD

Plecotus ognevi n=32 min max M SD

Plecotus strelkovi n=18 min max M SD 0.43 0.48 0.15 0.34 0.19 0.85 0.17 0.17 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.29 0.33 0.24 0.18

15.60 16.90 16.23 13.87 15.22 14.42 3.16 8.32 3.55 5.70 5.01 3.65 0.74 1.35 0.81 1.50 3.75 4.14 5.10 4.04 3.81 9.17 4.02 6.39 5.51 4.04 0.99 1.93 1.03 1.68 4.34 5.13 5.98 4.55 3.60 8.85 3.80 6.16 5.27 3.87 0.90 1.65 0.90 1.61 3.96 4.76 5.64 4.35

0.33 16.34 17.67 16.82 0.30 14.62 15.79 15.07 1.13 0.18 0.11 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.05 0.11 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.22 0.16 0.12 3.38 8.31 3.83 5.96 5.36 3.95 0.84 1.43 0.47 1.02 3.88 3.90 5.29 4.14 3.70 9.46 4.29 6.83 6.32 4.32 1.09 1.95 0.96 1.81 4.37 5.95 6.95 4.79 3.60 0.03 4.00 6.35 5.64 4.14 0.98 1.73 0.91 1.65 4.09 4.96 6.02 4.39

0.30 15.86 17.30 16.65 0.24 13.92 15.43 14.75 0.09 0.24 0.09 0.18 0.18 0.09 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.14 0.11 0.32 0.27 0.15 3.10 8.33 3.17 5.32 5.14 3.82 0.67 1.60 0.85 1.46 3.92 4.37 5.20 4.00 3.74 9.65 3.88 9.37 5.76 4.43 0.97 1.93 0.99 1.68 4.74 5.31 6.12 4.64 3.42 8.95 3.66 6.29 5.45 4.05 0.85 1.79 0.92 1.58 4.33 4.76 5.85 4.37

9.59 10.90 10.32

0.27 10.03 11.60 10.97

0.29 10.16 11.17 10.65

, , , , ( ). I II -


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. P. auritus P. ognevi I ( 6.792% 39.954; TL, CCL, MW, P4M3 MdL). ( 10.176% 8.451; CL) P. ognevi P. strelkovi. , ; 70% .

. 1. I II , . CC, POW CL ( 0.505, 0.331 0.396 ), ­ P4M3, CC, ABL MdL (-0.767, -0.388, -0.345 -0.694). Fig. 1. Distribution of three long-eared bat species in the space of the first two discriminant functions, based on the cranial and dental measurements. DF I positively correlates with CC, POW and CL (coefficients of correlation 0.505, 0.331 and 0.396, respectively), DF II ­ negatively with P4M3, CC, ABL and MdL (-0.767, -0.388, -0.345 and -0.694).


8

. 2. (SD, min, max) . Fig. 2. Box plots (SD, min, max) for selected cranial measurements of two long-eared bat species.


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, P. ognevi (. 2, . 1). , , , (.. 79% P. auritus 78% P. ognevi) CCL ; , , CC, MdL CM3. , , 85% . , . , . , , . , P. auritus P. austriacus , ­ ( 1988). , , , . , ­ . P. kozlovi P. strelkovi, . . P. auritus 7.5 (n=23), P. ognevi (20 23) ­ 7.6 . .


. (Spitzenberger et al. 2006) . , , P. auritus P. ognevi , . . , , , , . ,


10 P. ognevi, , , .

. 3. C I , , . Fig. 3. Relations between the values of I discriminant function based on cranial measurements and geographic longitude of the origin of the specimens.

- . I (. 3) . I P. auritus P. ognevi 0.167 0.308 . II , , . : CCL 0.080 0.031. , .


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, , , , 80% . P. strelkovi P. kozlovi . , P. ognevi, (Spitzenberger et al. 2006), , , , ­ - .


.. , .. ­ , .. ­ , .. .. ­ . 09-04-00283- 10-04-00683-.





.. 1988. (Plecotus auritus) (P. austriacus) (Chiroptera,Vespertilionidae) . 1. ­ . . 67(1): 90­101. .. 2006. Plecotus. ­ Plecotus et al. 9: 3­7. Benda P., Kiefer A., Hanak V., Veith M. 2004. Systematic status of African populations of long-eared bats, genus Plecotus (Mammalia: Chiroptera). ­ Folia Zoologica 53: 1­47. Dietz C., Helversen O. von. 2004. Illustrated identification key to the bats of Europe. Electronic publication. 72 pp. Helversen O. von, Heller K.G., Mayer F., Volleth M., Gombokoto P. 2001. Cryptic mammalian species: a new species of whiskered bat (Myotis alcathoe n. sp.) in Europe. ­ Naturwissenschaften 88(5): 217­223. Hulva P., Horacek I., Strelkov P.P., Benda P. 2004. Molecular architecture of Pipistrellus pipistrellus/Pipistrellus pygmaeus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): further cryptic species and Mediterranean origin of the divergence. ­ Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32(3): 1023­1035. Ibanez C., Garcia-Mudarra J.L., Ruedi M., Stadelmann B., Juste J. 2006. The Iberian contribution to cryptic diversity in European bats. ­ Acta Chiropterologica 8(2): 227­297.


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Kiefer A., Mayer F., Kosuch J., Helversen O. von, Veith M. 2002. Conflicting molecular phylogenies of European long-ear ed bats (Plecotus) can be explained by cryptic diversity. ­ Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25(3): 557­566. Kiefer A., Veith M. 2002. A new species of long-eared bat from Europe (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). ­ Myotis 39: 5­16. Koopman K.F. 1994. Chiroptera: Systematics. 217 pp. Kruskop S.V., Lavrenchenko L.A. 2000. A new species of long-eared bat (Plecotus; Vespertilionidae, Mammalia) from Ethiopia. ­ Myotis 38: 5­17. Matveev V.A., Kruskop S.V., Kramerov D.A. 2005. Revalidation of Myotis petax Hollister, 1912 and its new status in connection with Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). ­ Acta Chiropterologica 7(1): 23­37. Mayer F., Dietz C., Kiefer A. 2007. Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity. ­ Frontiers in Zoology 4(4). Mayer F., Helversen O. von. 2001a. Cryptic diversity in European bats. ­ Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 268(1478): 1825­1832. Mayer F., Helversen O.V. 2001b. Sympatric distribution of two cryptic bat species across Europe. ­ Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 74: 365­374. Paz O. de. 1994. Systematic position of Plecotus (Geoffroy, 1818) from the Iberian peninsula (Mammalia: Chiroptera). ­ Mammalia 58(3): 423­432. Ruedi M., Castella V. 2003. Genetic consequences of the ice ages on nurseries of the bat Myotis myotis: a mitochondrial and nuclear survey. ­ Molecular Ecology 12(6): 1527­ 1540. Spitzenberger F., Haring E., Tvrtkovic N. 2002. Plecotus microdontus (Mammalia, Vespertilionidae), a new bat species from Austria. ­ Natura Croatica 11(1): 1­18. Spitzenberger F., Pialek J., Haring E. 2001. Systematics of the genus Plecotus (Mammalia, Vespertilionidae) in Austria based on morphometric and molecular investigations. ­ Folia Zoologica 50(3): 161­172. Spitzenberger F., Strelkov P.P., Winkler H., Haring E. 2006. A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. ­ Zoologica Scripta 35(3): 187­230. Tvrtkovic N., Pavlinic I., Haring E. 2005. Four species of long-eared bats (Plecotus Geoffroy, 1818; Mammalia, Vespertilionidae) in Croatia: field identification and distribution. ­ Folia Zoologica 54(1-2): 75­88. Will K., Rubinoff D. 2004. Myth of the molecule: DNA barcodes for species cannot replace morphology for identification and classification. ­ Cladistics 20(1): 47­55.

S

UMMARY

Bulkina T.M., Kruskop S.V. 2009. Search for morphological differences between genetically distinct brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus s. lato, Vespertilionidae). ­ Plecotus et al. 11-12: 3­13. In the light of recent separation of long-eared bats into large number of species-level forms based mainly on molecular data, morphological differences of two of them have been


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investigated. These two are so-called brown long-eared bats: western Plecotus auritus s. str. and P. ognevi inhabiting territory east from Yenisei River. We examined collections of long-eared bats held by Zoological Museum of Moscow State University and Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences. Seventeen cranial and dental measurements were taken from each specimen (Table 1): total length of skull (TL), candilocanine length (CCL), width of postorbital constriction (POW), mastoid width (MW), width across cingula of upper canines (CC), width across upper third molars (M3M3), length of upper tooth-row (CM3), length of upper molariform tooth-row (P4M3), length of cingulum of canine (CL), height of upper canine (CH), length of the third upper molar (M3L), width of the third upper molar (M3W), auditory bulla length (ABL), width across occipital processes (OPW), length of mandible (MdL), lenght of lower tooth-row (cm3), rostral width between infraorbital foramens (RW). Differences between two forms seem to be less obvious than it was stated previously. Skull and dental measurements as well as external characters in the eastern species are somewhat larger than in western one. However, there are overlaps in all the measurements between two forms. We also did not found stable and well-formalized differences in quantitative features of skull or teeth. Nevertheless, more than 80% of brown long-eared bats could be identified either by craniodental or by external measurements. Externally Siberian brown long-eared bats possess proportionally narrower tragi and longer thumb. K e y w o r d s : long-eared bats, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus ognevi, taxonomy, cryptic speies, Russia. : (humulus@mail.ru) - . , 6, 129366 (kruskop@zmmu.msu.ru) . , 6, 125009 Authors' addresses: Tatiana M. BULKINA (humulus@mail.ru) Moscow Pedagogical State University, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry ul. Kibalchicha 6, Moscow 129366, Russia Sergei V. KRUSKOP (kruskop@zmmu.msu.ru) Zoological Museum of Moscow State University ul. Bolshaya Nikitskaya 6, Moscow 125009, Russia