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The Moscow Landscape: Architecture, Museums and Music.

Course: 12 classes
Fall semester, 2007
Dr. Olga Zinovieva

Academy of National Economy

Moscow is a huge metropolis of 10 million people with the life style
typical to the most of big cities but at the same it has its unique flavor.
It is the political seat of the Russian Federal Government and the
residence of the Russian President. It is the commercial, financial,
transportation and cultural center of the country. Moscow hectic character
can easily make you feel annoyed by many drawbacks of a crowded place and
miss the charm of its long-standing cultural traditions. The goal of the
proposed learning activities is to help the students to see the beauty of
Moscow, study and enjoy its present and past cultural landscape.

Course Description

The course is an introduction into Moscow culture with its diverse
architecture from the XV century and on, unique city planning developed in
860 years, palaces, monasteries, churches, cultural institutions such as
museums, theaters, universities, housing construction from cozy town
residences of the XVII-XIX centuries to the skyscrapers of the XX-XXI
centuries.

The image of the city keeps changing but it has been closely connected with
the political, economic and social background in Russia in general. It was
also influenced by other cultures. As a result, each Иpoque offered its own
style, symbols and esthetical principles. It has always been very
intriguing to understand, why the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed has so
many temples grouped together on one platform or why hammers and sickles
decorate almost every building of the Stalin era.

The course accompanied by images is built in the historical retrospective
but at the same time it covers contemporary themes of the museums,
theaters, music, education and crafts.

Learning Objectives

At the end of the course the students will:
. Be able to understand the development of different architectural
styles in the city in the political, economic and social context.
. Become familiar with the creators and historians of the city.
. See old and new portraits of the city
. Learn about Moscow museums, art galleries, drama and music theaters
linked with world practices.
. Get the skills to find their ways to the places of interest in the
city.
. Develop a general concept of a metropolis, which can be applied to
other countries of the world.

Course Learning Activities

Each class is interactive, which include instructor's presentations and
active discussion by the participants.

It will also include a bus tour of the city, a walking tour of
Zamoskvorechie historical district and a practical tour of the Prechistinka
Street based on students presentations.

Final grading will include:
Course attendance - 20 %
Participation in discussions - 20 %
Presentation during the Prechistenka street field exercise.

Pending list of classes:

1. Bus tour of Moscow
2. Introduction: What is Moscow? Moscow through the XII-XV centuries
The Birth of the City under the Rurik Royal Family. Prince Yury
Dolgoruky, the reasons for the appearance of the first fortress.
The Medieval Moscow. City planning: why are the streets either
circular or redial? The Lost and discovered presence of Prince
Daniil, Grand Princes Ivan Kalita and Dmitry Donskoi,. Ivan III and
the contemporary Kremlin. Fortresses and monasteries.
3. The centralization of power in the XVI century. The City during
Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Pillar shaped cathedrals. The end of the
Ruric Family. Boris Godunov and his ambitious plans.
4. From the Troubled Times to the Romanoves. Tzars Mikhail and Alexei.
The XVII century split of the church and its consequences for
Moscow. Patriarch Nikon. Religious and social paradoxes of the
Moscow Baroque/Narishkin style.
5. Emperor Peter the Great, Empresses Katharine I, Anne, Katherine II
(Great). Joining Europe and adopting European succession of styles
in fine arts and architecture in the XVIII century. European
baroque and classical Moscow. Not the capital any more. Resort for
the grandees retiring from their service in St. Petersburg. Balls
and entertainments. Winter and summer seasons of XVIII century.
Elegant Enlightenment and brutal serfdom hand in hand. Town
residences and country estates (Kuskovo, Ostankino and others)
Profiles of estates. Collections. Serf theaters. Opening of Moscow
State University in 1755 and the Bolshoi Theater in 1776.
Architects Dmitry Ukhtomsky,Vasilii Bazhenov and Matvei Kazakov
6. Emperors Alexander I, Nicolas I, Alexander II, Alexander III,
Nicolas II. Great fire of 1812. The victory over Napoleon
celebrated by the Napoleonic Imperial style - Empire. Confrontation
between the nobility and the entrepreneurial class as reflected by
Moscow architecture. Neoclassical style and Art Nouveau.
Technological revolution of the XIX century: enterprises, banks,
productions, railways, new town residences, high buildings. The
roots of Moscow Contemporary Museums; Music and Drama Theaters.
Architects Osip Bovet, Afanasy Grigoriev, Konstantin Ton, Shervud,
Fedor Schechtel
7. Walking tour of Zamoskvorechie - the presence and past of the
historical district, close to the Kremlin but very isolated.
Merchants, entrepreneurs, bankers - superstitious and progressive
minded, tight-fisted and generous. Churches, monasteries,
fashionable mansions and private collections. A story of 750 years
long from a craftsmen village to the headquarters of the wealthiest
banks and oil companies.
8. The Revolutions of 1917. Vladimir Lenin and Josef Stalin. Political
pluralism and fight for power. Constructivism and Vanguard.
Failure to solve social problems through architecture. Workers
clubs and communal buildings. Architects Konstantin Melnikov, The
Vesnin Brothers, The Golosov Brothers, Alexei Shusev.
9. Totalitarism in architecture. What is Stalin's Style? Propaganda or
dreams in Brick and Stucco. Prewar palaces and postwar temples.
Alexei Shusev, Ivan Zholtovsky, Shuko, Gelfreikh, Dmitry Chechulin,
Lev Rudnev.
10. Walking tour of Prechistenka Street. Participants prepare 3-5
minute oral presentations about the street (history, architecture,
famous people, interesting facts - Character of the Street; Christ
the Savoir Cathedral; Metro Station Kropotkinskaya; Monument to
Fredrick Engels; The Golovin town residence "Krasnie Palati" (1/2);
Belie Palati (3); State Pushkin Literature Museum (Afanasy
Grigoriev) (12/2); State Leo Tolstoi Museum (Afanasy Grigoriev)
(11); House of Denis Davidov (17); House of the Princes Dolgoruly
(Alexandro-Marriinski Institute for noble maids, Military Academy),
Museum of Zurab Tsaretelli (19); Academy of Fine Arts (21), The
House of Scientists (16), The Ballet School of Aisedora Dunkun
(20), The Polivanov Gymnasium (32), Isakov Apartment Building (28)
(Lev Kekushev), etc.
11. Contemporary Moscow. Wrap up of the course.
Materials

1. Individual maps are requested for each class
2. Any available Guidebook on Moscow or Moscow history book
3. http://www.waytorussia.net/Moscow
4. http://eng.moscowout.ru/
5. http://www.russianmuseums.info
6. http://www.geographia.com/russia/rusart01.htm
7. http://russia-in-us.com/Religion/Christianity/architec.htm
8. http://www.kreml.ru/en/main/
9. http://en.wikipedia.org

Optional Reading

10. Priscilla Roosevelt. The Life on the Russian Country Estate : A
Social and Cultural History
11. Robert K. Massie. Nicholas and Alexandra
12. Robert R. Massie. Peter the Great.
13. Fitzpatrick S. Everyday Stalinism. Ordinary life in extraordinary
times: Soviet Russia in 1930-s. "- Oxford University Press, 2000.
14. Guide Rough. Moscow (Guidebook)
15. Adam Zamoyski. Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March
16. Orlando Figes. Natasha's Dance : A Cultural History of Russia
17. Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, Mark Steinberg. The History of Russia.
18. Maureen Perrie. The Cambridge History of Russia