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, // http://www.newsru.com/world/22feb2009/dfg/html . . ., 2000. . // La Vanguardia. 2005. Dec. ( -- http://www.inosmi.ru/translatio/224156.html). Ferguson N. Team "Chimerica" // Washington Post. 2008. 17 Nov. Global trends 2025: a transformed world. 2008 // www.dni.gov/nic/NIC_ 2025_project.html http://www.interfax.ru/asp?id=66992 Soros G. Why I support legal marijuana // The Wall Street Journal. 2010. 26 Oct. (http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405270230346700457557445 0703567656.html). Trade, exchange, budget balances and interest rates // Economist. 2009. 14 Febr. Trade, exchange, budget balances and interest rates // Economist. 2010. 11 Nov.

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1970- . - . - - . . : , , - , , - , - , - , - , , . In the 1970s, George Ritzer transformed Kuhnian paradigm into a consolidativeimaginary paradigm and suggested multi-paradigmatic model of sociology. Ritzer's paradigms fit in simplistic-stereotypical division into the social-facts and non socialfacts paradigms. The article attempts to overcome such division. Key words: George Ritzer, paradigm, consolidative-imaginary paradigm, socialfacts paradigm, social-definition paradigm, social-behavior paradigm, utilitarianrational paradigms, metaparadigm, multi-paradigmatic sociology, social facts, analytical paradigm.

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, e-mail: ogubin@ucla.edu : "multiple-paradigm sociology" ( ) "multiparadigmatic sociology" ( ), "polyparadigmatic sociology", , , (Hassard, Lex Donaldson). : "", "" "". "" , , , , , , - .
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. , 2. -3 , 1960--1980- . . , - , , - - . - " " (fundamental image) , " "4. - 5 , 6. 1960- . . , .
2 , , (Eisenstadt), (Effrat), (Alford), (Merton), (Hantington), (Bernard Cohen), (Sawyer) (Levine). , , . , : Friedrichs R. A sociology of sociology. N.Y., 1972; Levine D. Visions of the sociological theory. Chicago, 1995; Ritzer G. Sociological theory. N.Y., 2008. 3 "-" . 4 Kuhn T. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, 1962 (1996). 5 Friedrichs R. Op. cit. P 1--56. . . 1971 . . 6 Ritzer G. Sociology: a multiple paradigm science. Boston, 1975; Sociology: A multiple paradigm science // American Sociologist. 1975. Vol. 10. P. 156--167; Explorations in social theory. From metatheorizing to rationalization. L., 2001. P 58--99; Paradigm // Encyclopedia of Social Theory. L., 2005. P. 543--544; Appendix // Sociological Theory. N.Y., 2008. P. A7--A16.

" " , , . , - 7. , " " 1965 .8 : (non-paradigmatic) -- (pre-paradigmatic), , ; (multiple-paradigm) -- (incommensurable) ; - (dual-paradigm) -- . , 9. , , , 10. . , -- , , , , , . ,
Kuhn T. Op. cit. Preface. P. . 1965 . - . . . " ". , , . 20 . 9 Mastermann M. The nature of paradigm // Criticism and Growth of Knowledge / Ed. by I. Lakatos. Cambridge, 1970. P. 73--74. 10 : Sociology: a multiple paradigm science. P 156--167. .
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, , ( ), , , . 1970- . , -- 11. , 12, , . . ? , -, , . , , . , , , " "13. , . , "" , , ,
Ibid. P. 157. , , , ( ), (), ( ), (), . , , , (Wake forest university) ( ) ( ) , "" , . . , , Ph.D. , , (Stegmuller) "The structure and dynamics of thories" (Springer-Verlag, 1976). , , ( , ) ( ) , - . 13 Mastermann M. Op. cit. P 59--89. .
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" ", "", "", "", "" .. 14. , , , -- , -- , -- , -- 15. -- -- . , : , , . , . , 16 . - , , "Sociological imagination"17. , , , , . , , . "" . , " " ,
.: Maasen S., Weingart P. Of paradigms, shifts, and changes // Metaphor and the Dynamics of Knowledge. L.; N.Y., 2000. P. 63--90. 15 .: Lakatos I. The methodology of scientific research programmes. Cambridge, 1978; Laudan L. Progress and its problems. Towards a theory of scientific growth. Berkeley, 1977; Donaldson D. On the very idea of conceptual scheme // Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Associations. 1974. N 47. P. 5--20; Holton J. Thematic origin of scientific thought. Cambridge, 1988; Wimsatt W. Perspectives: a preliminary characterization // Re-engineering philosophy for limited beings. Cambridge, 2007. P. 227--237. 16 .: Ritzer G. Sociology: a multiple-paradigm science. P 157. . 17 Mills C.W. The sociological imagination. Oxford, 1959.
41
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18. , , , (Koyre) (Bachelard)19. "The scientific imagination. Case studies" , "The scientific image" "Images of science. Essays on realism and empiricism: with a reply from Bas C. van Fraassen" 20. , - . , - , "" . , , , , "Images of Science" "" - , , . -- , -- , -- . - "" , . , , - . 21. ,
.: Duheim P. The aim and structure of physical theory. Princeton, 1991. P. 93. .: Gatting G. Thomas Kuhn and French philosophy of science // Thomas Kuhn / Ed. by T. Nickels. Cambridge, 2003. P. 45--64; Brenner A. Problem in general philosophy of science // French Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 2009. Springer. P. 73--89. 20 Holton J. The scientific imagination. Case studies. Cambridge, 1978; Fraassen B.C. The scientific image. Oxford, 1980; Images of science: essays on realism and empiricism: with a reply from Bas C. van Fraassen / Eds by P. Churchland, C.A. Hooker. Chicago; L.,1985. 21 Laudan L. Progress and its problems. Towards a theory of scientific growth. Berkeley, 1977. P. 74.
19 18

, , , 22. , , " " 23; , -- -- , 24. -- , -- . , , -- , , . , " -- , "25. , 26 (integrated) , (dimensions), - (levels) (metatheoretical scheme). . - , , , , -. : , , , , ..; , , , , , , , 22 Putnam H. The "corroboration" of theories // Scientific Revolutions / Ed. by I. Hacking, Oxford, 1981. P. 69; Shapere D. Meaning and scientific change // Scientific Revolutions / Ed. by I. Hacking, Oxford, 1981. P. 37; Popper K. Normal science and its dangers / Ed. by I. Lakatos. N.Y., 1980. P. 55. 23 Kuhn T. Op. cit. P 11. . 24 Kuhn T. Postscript-1969 // Kuhn T Op. cit. P 182. . . 25 Friedrichs R. Op. cit. P 36. . 26 . : Nash B., Wardell M. The control of sociological theory: in praise of the interregnum // Sociological Inquiry. 1993. N 63. P. 276--292. - , .

42

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-- - - - , ( - , - , ) - - , ,

-- "- - ( - " ", - - ) ", "" ,

27 "Toward integrated sociological paradigm. The search for an exemplar and an image of the subject matter" (Boston, 1981. P. 1--29) "Toward integrated sociological paradigm: image of the subject matter", "Explorations in social theory. From metatheorizing to rationalization" (L., 1982. P. 79--99). "Sociological theory" (Boston, 2008. P. A12--A16). 28 .: Effrat A. Power to the paradigms: an editorial introduction // Sociological Inquiry. 1979. N 42. P. 3--33; Eisenstadt S.N., Curelaru M. The form of sociology. Paradigms and crises. N.Y., 1976; Friedrichs. Op. cit. 1970. 29 .: Friedrichs. Op. cit. P 55--56. .

44

-- - , ( - ) , ,





, , ..27 1970- . . , . - (the social-facts paradigm), - (the social-definition paradigm) - (the social-behavior paradigm). . , , , , , 28. (first and second-order paradigms), 29. , , - . . , . , - - - , , . , , , , - - , . , - - , - .









-, - ,



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, "-1969" " "30. ? " ". "-1969" . , , , , , . ? - - , . , 1975 . "Sociology: multiple-paradigm science" , , , , , , , , 31. , , , . - - . ? , - - - , . -- , -- . - -- - -- , -, . - - , , 30 31

- . , - - -, . - . , , - - , - - . . ? -- -- , , , . , . - -- , , , -- 32. , , , , 32 : - - , , , , - "self", "social identity", "social group", "social definition", "social exchange" . "self" "generalized others" . , - ( . -- . .), . , -, , "Existenz" () "Daisen" (), , , . - , ---- , , . . . , , , , , , -- - .

Kuhn T. Postscript-1969 // Kuhn T. Op. cit. P. 184--186. Ritzer G. Sociology: multiple-paradigms science. P. 157.

46

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, , , , "", , "", ( ) , , , .. , , , , , , , , , - , 33. , , "", "" sui generis34, sui generis , , , , .. ( ) , , , . , , , , , , , , , , "", -- , , , . , , - -- , ( , )35,
, , - . , , , , , , . 34 sui generis . 35 .: Burt R. Toward structural theory of actions: network models of social structure, perception and action. N.Y., 1982; Idem. Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Cambridge, 1992; Cook K. at all. Exchange theory: a blueprint for structure and process // Frontiers of Social Theory: The New Synthesis / Ed. by G. Ritzer. N.Y., 1990. P. 158--181; Cook K., Whitmeyer J.M. Two approaches to social structure: exchange theory and network // Annual Review of Sociology. 1992. N 18. P. 109--127; Charon D. Symbolic interactionism. Upper Saddle River, 2009. Ch. 11. Society; Hewitt J. Self and society. Boston, 2010.
48
33

, - - , -- , , (symbolic generalizations) (structured lexicons). , , , , , - , - -- , - , - - . , . . , , - . - , , . , , , , , , , - , -, , . , - - ( , - ), - , , - - . - , , , . , 49


36. - , . - , . - , , - (cost-benefit analysis), (profit-maximization and cost-minimization behavior), (structure of preferences) (optimal choices)37. - , , - , , , , (network theories) , , . ( ) - , (collective actions) . , , , 38, , , , - . . , , - . . "" 36 -- Turner J. The structure of sociological theory. Belmont, 2003 -- . Ph.D. . 37 .: Coleman J., Farraro T. Rational choice theory. Advocacy and critics. Newbury Park, 1992. 38 .: Burt R. Op. cit.; Idem. Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Cambridge, 1992; Cook K. at all. Exchange theory...; Cook K., Whitmeyer J.M. Two approaches to social structure...

, . -, , -, - . , - - , . , , - . , , . . , . -- , , . ? - . , . . . , . , , . , . - , . (analytical paradigm)39. , -
39 "Codification of sociological theory" "Social theory and social structure" (Glencoe, 1949). " " " " " ". , "On theoretical sociology" (N.Y., 1957) "Paradigms: codification of sociological theory" "On social structure and science" (Chicago, 1996), "" "" "". .

50

51


, .. - 40. , - - . (pre-Kuhnian)41. , - , ( ) , , . , ( -, - -, ) . , , . , (general theoretical sociological perspectives) "", , . , "" "Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology", , , , 42. , , , "" - "" . , : -- , . - . , .
Appendix // Sociological Theory. N.Y., 2008. Brenner A. Problem in general philosophy of science // French Studies in the Philosophy of Science. 2009. Springer.
. : Robert M. On sociological theory. N.Y., 1967. P. 69--72. Robert M. A life of learning // On Social Structure and Learning / Ed. by P. Sztompka. Chicago, 1996. P. 257. 42 .: Paradigm // Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Oxford, 2007.
41 40

Burt R. Toward structural theory of actions: network models of social structure, perception, and action. N.Y., 1982. Burt R. Structural holes: the social structure of competition. Cambridge, 1992. Charon D. Symbolic interactionism. Upper Saddle River, 2009. Ch. 11. Society. Coleman J., Farraro T. Rational choice theory. Advocacy and critics. Newbury Park, 1992. Cook K. at all. Exchange theory: a blueprint for structure and process // Frontiers of Social Theory: The New Synthesis / Ed. by G. Ritzer. N.Y., 1990. Cook K., Whitmeyer J.M. Two approaches to social structure: exchange theory and network // Annual Review of Sociology. 1992. N 18. Donaldson D. On the very idea of conceptual scheme // Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Associations. 1974. N 47. Duheim P. The aim and structure of physical theory. Princeton, 1991. Effrat A. Power to the paradigms: an editorial introduction // Sociological Inquiry. 1979. N 42. Eisenstadt S.N., Curelaru M. The form of sociology. Paradigms and crises. N.Y., 1976. Explorations in social theory. From metatheorizing to rationalization. L., 2001. Fraassen B.C. The scientific image. Oxford, 1980. Friedrichs R. A sociology of sociology. N.Y., 1972. Gatting G. Thomas Kuhn and French philosophy of science / Ed. by T. Nickels. Cambridge, 2003. Hewitt J. Self and society. Boston, 2010. Holton J. The scientific imagination. Case studies. Cambridge, 1978. Holton J. Thematic origin of scientific thought. Cambridge, 1988. Images of science: essays on realism and empiricism: with a reply from Bas C. van Fraassen / Eds by P. Churchland, C.A. Hooker. Chicago; L.,1985. Kuhn T. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, 1962 (1996). Lakatos I. The methodology of scientific research programmes. Cambridge, 1978. Laudan L. Progress and its problems. Towards a theory of scientific growth. Berkeley, 1977. Maasen S., Weingart P. Of paradigms, shifts, and changes // Metaphor and the Dynamics of Knowledge. L.; N.Y., 2000. Mastermann M. The nature of paradigm // Criticism and Growth of Knowledge / Ed. by I. Lakatos. Cambridge, 1970. Mills C.W. The sociological imagination. Oxford, 1959. Nash B., Wardell M. The control of sociological theory: in praise of the interregnum // Sociological Inquiry. 1993. N 63. Paradigm // Encyclopedia of Social Theory. L., 2005. Paradigm // Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Oxford, 2007. Popper K. Normal science and its dangers // Ed. by I. Lakatos. N.Y., 1980. Putnam H. The "corroboration" of theories // Scientific Revolutions / Ed. by I. Hacking. Oxford, 1981. Robert M. On sociological theory. N.Y., 1967.
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Robert M. A life of learning // On Social Structure and Learning / Ed. by P. Sztompka. Chicago, 1996. Ritzer G. Sociology: a multiple paradigm science. Boston, 1975. Shapere D. Meaning and scientific change // Scientific Revolutions / Ed. by I. Hacking. Oxford, 1981. Sociology: a multiple paradigm science // American Sociologist. 1975. Vol. 10. Turner J. The sructure of sociological theory. Belmont, 2003. Wimsatt W. Perspectives: a preliminary characterization // Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings. Cambridge, 2007.

. . -. . 18. . 2011. 3

.. , .. .. * " " -
- . . , " ", " ", , "" . : , , , . In this article the author considers the basic approaches to understanding and studying of vital strategy by representatives of various social and humanitarian sciences. But the special attention in article is given psychological and sociological direction. Historical digression to understanding of essence "life plan", "vital strategy" is made. The studying of vital strategy is shown as from purely "psychological" problem became one of leading directions of sociology of youth. Key words: vital strategies, life plans, youth.

. : ? ? ? ? : , , .. , , , .. , : " , ". , , , , . *

, e-mail: lme-tatarintseva@mail.ru
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