Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.sevin.ru/seminars/argos2/03_20100204_sst.pdf Дата изменения: Mon Feb 8 12:49:00 2010 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 18:42:47 2012 Кодировка:

Sea Surface Temperature Workshop IPEE/CLS - 3-FEB-2010


Sea surface temperature products
Page 2

High resolution SST: Passive technology:

Low resolution SST: Active technology:

infrared sensor
~4 km (gaps due to clouds)

microwave sensor
~25 km (no clouds)


High resolution SST
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Satellite NOAA-17 NOAA-18 American satellites (NOAA) Operational missions Orbit = 833 km 14/15 rotation/day almost polar heliosynchroneous American satellites (NASA) Operational missions Orbit = 705 km 14/15 rotation/day almost polar heliosynchroneous European satellite (ESA) Operational mission Orbit = 820 km 14/15 rotation/day almost polar heliosynchroneous AVHRR -

Instrument radiometer passive measurement spatial resolution: 4.5 x 4.5 km. gaps due to clouds

AQUA TERRA

Modis

- radiometer - passive measurement -spatial resolution: 1 x 1 km. - gaps due to clouds

METOP

AVHRR

-

radiometer passive measurement spatial resolution: 1 x 1 km. gaps due to clouds


Radiometer measurements
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Sensor (IR) Descending heat Ascending heat

Heat emitted by the water surface

Water surface warming by sun


Radiometer measurements
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· Sensor = instrument that measure radiation emitted by the sea surface (few first millimeters) · Satellite transmits data when it flies over a reception antenna (NOAA, NASA, ESA...) · Data are sent to CLS to be processed · Maps are generated by in built algorithm in CLS · Final map: resolution (pixel) = 0.04 X 0.04° (4 km) · Maximum time delivery between acquisition and CLS end processing = 6 hours


Infrared SST maps
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· Infrared technology: gaps due to clouds · Resolution ~0.04°


Global coverage
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Microvawe SST
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Satellite TRMM - American/japanese satellite (NASA/NASDA) - Operational mission - Orbit = 350 km - 16 rotations/day - Inclination 35° - measurements between 40°S and 40°N TMI

Instrument - radar measurements - no gap due to cloud - spatial resolution (pixel) = 25 x 25 km

AQUA

-

Orbit = 705 km 14/15 rotation/day Inclination 98° Global coverage

AMSR-E

- radar measurements - no gap due to cloud - spatial resolution (pixel) = 25 x 25 km


Microwave SST maps
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· Microwave technology: no gaps due to clouds · Resolution ~1/4°


Global coverage
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Comparisons
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Infrared

Microwave


Marine resource management
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· SST maps are synoptic views of the ocean surface · Combination of SST maps with altimetry maps highlight oceanic fronts, currents, eddies and upwelling · Some marine pelagic species move along fronts and feed in cold waters

Altimetry

SST


Satellite

Detecting fronts
With satellite observations of Sea Surface Temperature Patagonia:
To delineate fronts To localize upwelling
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South Africa
To delineate fronts To separate water masses

Sea surface temperature data make it possible to delineate water masses from space.