ELECTRONIC VERSION of the COLLECTION
'FOULING AND BIODETERIORATION. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS"
(Editor-in-chief - I.N. Iljin).
["ОБРАСТАНИЕ И БИОПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ. ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ'
(отв.ред. И.Н. Ильин). Наука: M., 1992. 198 с. (In Russian)].

  Preface

  E.M. Lebedev, I.N. Iljin. Methods of studying marine and oceanic fouling

  I.N. Iljin. Sea wood borers in the USSR and measures of struggle against them

  E.M. Lebedev. Sea rock borers and ways to prevent them

  I.N. Iljin. The ecology of oceanic fouling

  I.N. Iljin, G.M. Aleshchenko. The first version of tropical pelagic fouling biocenosis model

Preface

The materials provided are the annotations of basic (still remaining actual) articles of the collection corrected and edited (to a small extent) by the editor. The texts (full versions) are available at the Russian version of the site. One of them is replaced by the reduced variant of the author's doctorate dissertation abstract, a limited number of copies of which was recently published.

The abstracts are written by the editor of the collection, translated and prepared with the help (sometimes very substantial) of Dr. V.G. Petrosyan, Y.A. Afanasev, S.A. Bessonov, A.V. Pavlov, Dr. E Yu. Yembaturova).

Igor N. Iljin

  Top

Annotations

E.M. Lebedev, I.N. Iljin
Methods of studying marine and oceanic fouling

The most complete review on the subject. On the basis of the data available from literature and the authors' long-term experience all more or less significant methodical aspects of studying the fouling in seas and oceans are analyzed. The methodology of studying is substantiated, all methods of research are described in details. In particular, underwater sampling and the most correct way of obtaining the samples - extraction of analyzed objects from the water - are discussed. The article also contains detailed information on containers for samples, collections documenting and fixing, types of collections (specific for various kinds of constructions and conditions). Experimental methods of studying the fouling are considered, first of all, the ones aimed at revealing the efficiency of ways to control and prevent the fouling. In particular, laboratory, stand and environmental tests. Thus necessary conditions of test execution, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Necessity of all kinds of tests is substantiated.

  Full article text in Russian (PDF format)     Top

I.N. Iljin
Sea wood borers in the USSR and measures of struggle against them

The review, based on the largest amount of materials involved, concentrates on sea wood borers, their distribution in the seas of Russia and some adjacent countries, methods of studying these organisms (in particular, their nocuousness), limiting environmental factors and ways to control and prevent them. In particular, features of qualitative and quantitative structure, degrees of nocuousness in various areas and points of studied seas are described. Factors influencing wood borers are analyzed, namely: salinity, temperature, pollution and water currents speed, substratum features (depth of location, drainage), ice, the presence of wood borers' 'foci', presence of their settling stages in the water, constructional and operating abilities, intra- and interspecific relationships. Close attention is paid to commonly used and prospective measures to control and prevent wood borers: prophylactic (quarantine, destruction of infected wood, constructional and operational actions); physical (natural tolerance of wood to damages caused by wood borers, non-poisonous coverings, water salinity and temperature, drainage, electric current, etc.); chemical (biocyde coverings and impregnations, water chlorination); biological (application of juvenile hormone analogues, etc.). Requirements applied to the development and applications of such type of measures are summarized. Specialties of forecasting the vital activity (nocuousness in particular) of studied animals are considered. The analysis of sea wood borers traits, ways to control and prevent them and corresponding conclusions of the article are applicable not only to Russia, but also to some other countries.

  Full article text in Russian (PDF format)     Top

E.M. Lebedev
Sea rock borers and ways to prevent them

Exceptionally informative review of data on sea rock borers in water areas of Russia and other pools of the World ocean. The author - a professional of the highest level - critically considers numerous taxon destroying rock and substrata close to them. In particular, data on blue-green, green and brown algae, protozoans, sponges, polychaeta worms, bryozoa, gastropods and bivalves, cirripedia, echinodermata are provided. Close attention is paid to biological and chorological features of rock borers, their nocuousness. Unfortunately, there are very few methods of control and prevention of rock borers.

  Full article text in Russian (PDF format)     Top

I.N. Iljin
The ecology of oceanic fouling

(the author's synopsis of the Dr.sci.biol. dissertation)

The first complete review on this subject in a concise form of slightly shortened author's doctorate dissertation synopsis. Original and literary data on ecology of oceanic fouling in pelagic zone are generalized and analyzed. The work is based mainly on author's original materials, the former being the one who has started experimental research of oceanic fouling organisms and communities for the first time. The methodology is substantiated and the approved complex of techniques of these research is considered. Correct data on qualitative and quantitative composition of fouling are given. Conchoderma virgatum and Lepas anatifera (Lepadidae) are shown to be the dominants. Abiotic (substrate features (material type, degree of roughness, color, spatial orientation, area), water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen content, illumination, depth, dynamics of waters (speed of a current and waters moving), geographical and temporal factors, biotic (intra- and interspecific relationships in plankton and on a substrate, interactions of fouling communities) and anthropogenic factors of environment, limiting studied organisms and communities are analyzed. Close attention is paid to practical aspects of the research, first of all, to ecological substantiations of hydrotechnical units designing and operating in water areas with oceanic fouling (in particular, measures of prevention and control), and also to opportunities of bioindication with the help of Lepadidae species, their cultivation. The data obtained by the author and other analyzed facts are formalized by means of conceptual and mathematical modeling. For the first time the exceptional of theoretical and practical value of oceanic fouling is shown. For the first time a substantiated concept of the regularities of oceanic fouling formation and development is given. Oceanic fouling is shown to be a system of Lepadidae communities covering the biggest part of the World ocean. These communities mainly develop far from the coast, appearing to be oligomix and comparatively simple in structure, to a great extent they are isolated (bat frequently interacting with each other and with organisms of coastal fouling). Isolation of communities is combined with their inability to develop autonomously. Constant exchange between these communities of information, energy, mass with the help of plankton stages is existence for them. Lepadidae communities possess a totality of properties considerably differing from that of coastal fouling. Processes of formation and development of separate communities and the entire ecosystem of oceanic fouling were markedly sped up and broadened by anthropogenesis.

  Full article text in Russian (PDF format)     Top

I.N. Iljin, G.M. Aleshchenko
The first version of tropical pelagic fouling biocenosis model

The first and so far the only pioneer attempt to model an oceanic fouling biocenosis in pelagic zone. The model is constructed on the basis of a simplified block diagram of its basic organisms relationships in the central part of Atlantic Ocean. The model is a system of three differential equations and one linear algebraic equation. Interactions of cypris larvae of two Lepadidae genera (Lepas and Conchoderma), organisms fouling of these genera and predators (fish and Planes crabs) are taken into account. The inflow of these larvae and crabs into the biocenosis is considered along with the 'attraction' of fast organisms fouling for the crabs and fish, the speed of organisms fouling getting eaten up by the crabs and fish. When computation experiments were conducted, the model had shown rather good adequacy to our observations at tropical oceanographic polygons. So, modeling fluctuations of numerity of Lepadidae within a month are in good concordance with the data obtained in nature. The absence of correlation between the quantity of fast organisms fouling and substratum exposure corresponds with that observed in the ocean. The model has proved the crabs and especially fish to be the strongest modifiers of oceanic fouling biocenoses, delaying the growth rate of fast organisms fouling very significantly.

  Full article text in Russian (PDF format)     Top