Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://www.pereplet.ru/nauka/Soros/pdf/9805_017.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Sun Jun 3 12:09:05 2001 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Dec 31 15:17:20 2007 Êîäèðîâêà: koi8-r

ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
I. S. KULAEV At present, the most popular hypothesis of the origin of eucaryotic cells is a sufficiently substantiated view of their formation by multiple endosymbiosis of various prokaryotes, pertaining to bacteria and archea, in the course of evolution during the first 1,5­2 billion years of their existence on the Earth. The nature of the host cell, to which prokaryotic precursors of eukaryotic organelles are attached is still the most disputable issue. Ãê·ñíáá òñòøífl ëñõ ê ñ·ñðëñ,ëëñõ ,,êòñçáàñõ ò ñêðiñéáëêfl øì êñçê~áðìêi ìíáçñì fl,ífláçðfl , ëðçñfláá , áîfl ò áðç,íáëêá ñ· êi ñ· àñ,ëêê òøçáî îëñ,,ñì çëñ ò ñêðiñê,¯á,,ñ , ò ñ^áððá ,ñí^êê , çá~áëêá òá ,°i 1,5­2 îí íáç ðøáðç,ñ,ëêfl ë Àáîíá éê,°i ìíáçñì ëñðêî·êñà àíê~ë°i ò ñì êñç, ñçëñðflêiðfl ì ·ìçá êflî ê iáflî.


Þ. Ê. ÄËÖäæã
Åñðìñ,ðìêõ ,,ñðø ðç,áëë°õ øëê,á ðêçáç êî. Å.ã. Öñîñëñðñ,

ããæÿæÃÞæ

© Äøíá, Þ.Ê., 1998

( . ­ ). ( ­ - ) , . , , , , , . , 1 . , , 800­1000 . . , , . . ­ , ( ), , , .. ­ . , - , (): , [1]. ­ ­ . , ­ ­ 4 , [1]. , , , 500 . , (. 1), , , , ( ). [2]

ÄËÖäæã Þ.Ê. ÕÉÈÞÊÎÈýÿæÃÞæ ÛËÄäÉÞÈÌÞÑæÊÄÞÎ ÄÖæÌÈÄ

17








. 1. , (: T. Oshima, 1994)

N2 . , -, , ( ), . , , , 21% . . , - ( ) , , - , , . , . , . , : , , 2 2 . , , , ( , , .). -, , . [2] , ( ) (). , , . , - . , , - .

. . . [3], , . , , , ­ , , . , -, . . . , . . [2], ( ) . -, (2) (N2). , , . . , , . , ­ (. .. " ": . 1996. 9. . 33­39.). , , . ,

18

ÊÈÉÈÊÈãÊÄÞÁ ÈåÉäÀÈãäÌæÖÇÃÓÁ ýËÉÃäÖ, <5, 1998


ãÈÀÃÞÄÃÈãæÃÞæ Þ ÉäÀãÞÌÞæ èÞÕÈÌæÀÓ Èå ÛÃÿÈÊÞÅåÞÈÌÞÑæÊÄÈÅ ÕÉÈÞÊÎÈýÿæÃÞÞ ÛËÄäÉÞÈÌÞÑæÊÄÞÎ ÄÖæÌÈÄ

, , XIX . 1867 .. , ­ . ­ ­ [4]. .. , , 1907 , , ­ [4]. .. .. - 20- . , , , (. .. [5]). . , 50- ­ 60- , [5], , ( , ). , .. . , . ( , ­ , ). , , , . , , . ,

( ). [5]. , , , , ( ) ­ , . , , , . , ­ - , , ­ . , , . , ­ ( ), ­ (, , , ), [6]. , .
ÉæÐäØÒÞæ ÿÈÄäÀäÌæÖÇÊÌãä ÛÃÿÈÊÞÅåÞÈÌÞÑæÊÄÈèÈ ÕÉÈÞÊÎÈýÿæÃÞÝ ÎÖÈÉÈÕÖäÊÌÈã Þ ÅÞÌÈÎÈÃÿÉÞÁ

­ ( ) ­ . . [1] 80- , 16S 18S . , 16S , , 16S

ÄËÖäæã Þ.Ê. ÕÉÈÞÊÎÈýÿæÃÞæ ÛËÄäÉÞÈÌÞÑæÊÄÞÎ ÄÖæÌÈÄ

19
























. 2. ( , ., 1986)

, 16S , Paracoccus. , " " . . , . , , Pelomyxa polustris, , , , - -, . , , , ( - , ), . , -,

E. coli T. thermophilus e T. tenax Crenarchaeota H. sapiens P. polycephalum M. vannielli Euryarchaeota





D. mobilis



H. halobium H. morhuae

. 3. (: T. Oshima, 1994)

20

ÊÈÉÈÊÈãÊÄÞÁ ÈåÉäÀÈãäÌæÖÇÃÓÁ ýËÉÃäÖ, <5, 1998


"" "". .
È ÕÉÞÉÈÿæ ÄÖæÌÄÞ-ÎÈÀÝÞÃä

, ( , ). , , , . [2], . 2. , , . . . 16S - ,

( ) . . , , . . , , , , , ­ -





Ascobolus Neurospora


() (Xenopus) (Styela) (Thyone)

()

, (Azolla)

(Drosophila) (Oncopeltus)

Cenorhabditis Fucus

(Aplysia)



Nitella Acetabularia Volv ox Gonium Chlamydomonas Disctyostelium Saccharomyces



Actinosphaerum Vorticella Paramecium Crypthecodinium

( )





. 4. ( , ., 1986)





Paracoccus Escherichia coli Salmonella Bacillus subtilis



ÄËÖäæã Þ.Ê. ÕÉÈÞÊÎÈýÿæÃÞæ ÛËÄäÉÞÈÌÞÑæÊÄÞÎ ÄÖæÌÈÄ

21


, , . , , ( ) - . . 3 . , , ­ . , , . (. 4), , . [2].
ÖÞÌæÉäÌËÉä
1. Woese C.R., Kandler O., Wheeliss M.L. Towards a Natural System of Organisms: Proposal for the Domains Ar-

chaea, Bacteria and Eucarya // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 1990. Vol. 87. P. 4576­4579. 2. ., ., . . : . . .: , 1986. . 1. 3. ., . . .: - . ., 1959. 4. .. .. // . .: , 1981. . 165­181. 5. . : . . .: , 1983. 6. .. // . 1996. 2. . 28­35.

*** , . .. , - , - , . . 500 , , , .

22

ÊÈÉÈÊÈãÊÄÞÁ ÈåÉäÀÈãäÌæÖÇÃÓÁ ýËÉÃäÖ, <5, 1998