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Лаборатории
Профессора
Фонд им. В.И.Смирнова
"Известия..."
"Смирновский сборник"
"Смирновские чтения"
Кафедра геологии и геохимии полезных ископаемых
119899, Москва,
Воробьевы Горы, А-410,
Геологический факультет,
МГУ им. М.В.Ломоносова
Тел.: (7-095) 939-23-51; 939-21-50
Факс: (7-095) 932-88-89
Email: star@geol.msu.ru
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V.I. Starostin
"X Scientific Readings Dedicated To Academician V.I. Smirnov"
The jubelee X Scientific Reading dedicated to Academician V.I. Smirnov was held January 29, 1999, in the Moscow State University (MGU). During the recent ten years, a public foundation dedicated to this outstanding scientist was established, and five scientific-literatury anthologies were published. Diplomas and prizes of the Smirnov Foundation have been awarded to 37 prominent scientists of Russia, CIS and other countries, as well as 72 best under- and post- graduate students from different institutes and unversties of Russia.
The Foundation financically supported field and research works of 28 students. It published the scientific-literary anthology "Smirnov Collection-98" on the eve of the X Scientific Reading. The Section "Main Problems of ore formation and metallogeny" includes reports at the IX Scientific Reading on January 30, 1998, delivered by the following participants: Academian of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS) E.A. Kozlovsky, Academian of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) I.D. Ryabchikov, chief geologist of Barrick Gold Corp. C.J. Hodgson, Academian of the RANS and Corresponding Member of the RAS Yu.M. Arsky and associate Professor of MGU A.B. Volkov.
The section "Popular-scientific literary works" includes the following papers:
I.V. Kreiter and N.N. Trofimov: "The 100th anniversary of Vladimir Mikhailovich Kreiter".The essay describes the biography and scientific and practical activity of this prominent Russian scientist, who elaborated the doctrine of prospecting for mineral resources.
V.A. Zharikov and A.A. Matveev submitted the paper "The 90th anniversary of A.P.Solovov - an eminent person, scientist and teacher". G.A. Tvalchreidze, the wellknown Georgian scientist recalling meeting and cooperation with his personal friend, V.I. Smirnov, in the paper "An outstanding person". V.T. Trofimov also delivered a short communication about "Meeting with Vladimir Ivanovich Smirnov". In connection with the 300th anniversary of the Mining and Geological Survey of Russia, V.V. Marchenko wrote a historical essay "The Demidov Family - Russian artisans, industrialists and patriots" and a short story "Snake marriage".
L.G. Leshkov, a constant participant of our anthologies, contributed the work "On the auriferous Zhui River". A.L. Dvorkin, Head of the Department of Sect Sciences, St. Tikhonov Orthodox Theological Institute, dedicated the story "Prison Priest" to the lithologist Prof. G.A. Kaleda (DSc) who was actively engaged in the religius enlightment activity.
N.V. Koronovsky, based on personal observations and literature data, reconstructed "The last day of Pompei". M.B. Gokhberg, a famous physist and pioneer in the Russian deltaplanerism contributed a humorous essay "A scientific salad" on the occasion of his own 60th anniversary.
A.M. Gorodnitsky, a prominent geophysyst, bard and constant contributor to our anthologies, submitted a series of 20 verses, including some new ones, and a highly interesting essay "In the search for Atlantida". The collection also includes verses of the Geological Facility of MGU and now a professional poet, presented a series of verses, Geologists from Kazakhstan (A.A. Kazachenko and others) devoted some verses to the Geologist Day. A sarcastic essay "Tectonic belam" was presented by the wellknown tectonist Yu.M. Pushcharovsky.
E.E. Milanovsky also wrote a big essay devoted to the search for Atlantida. The "Smirnov Collection-98" is concluded by a short humorous essay "The crust subjection into mantle and mantle defecation and exhumation" written by B.P. Zolotarev
The programm of X Smirnov reading was highly interesting. In the report "university and society", Academian of the RAS V.A. Sadovnichy (Rector of MGU) discussed the major "permanent" problems of universities related to the state, society and mankind. He strongly criticized the concept of "crisis in education" or "crisis of universities". He expressed firm belief that the university education system is in good harmony with the model of a "stable development of society". He devoted special attention to the essential role of Moscow State University in the development of society at the boundary of centuries. He concluding that universities of the world, which represent historically developed center of science and spiritual culture, are the only institutions that can bring the society to sources of humanism.
Academician of the RAS L.N. Kogarko delivered the lecture "Models of the genesis of superlarge apatite deposits on the Kola Peninsula" and inferred that the ore potential of natural of natural magmatic systems is controlled by the following factors: (1) the volatile components regime (equilibrium in the melt - fluid phase system); (2) features of ore mineral fractionation (equilibrium in the crystal - liquid system); and (3) the solubility of ore components in magmatic melts. She conluded that ore-bearing alkaline melts originated 2,5-2,7 Ga ago as a result of the drastic change of the Earth geodynamic state: the plume tectonics was replaced by the plate tectonics; an oxygen-rich athmosphere was developed; and the vigorous growth of continental crust was followed by platformal regime. The oxygenation of the Earth and mantle led to global metasomatic dislocation of material and the genesis of alkaline magmas enriched in lithophile metals.
In the report "The fluid facies of continental lithosphere and the problems of ore formation" based on experimental and geological data, F.A. Letnikov made a fundamental conclusion: all processes of the formation of minerals, rocks and ores proceed with an active contribution of fluids. Fluid systems of the lythosphere are unique in the diversity of properties: fluid concentrate various elements, transport them for significant distances, react with rocks, and form ore deposits. Most deposits are initially developed in an inexplict form within parental fluid systems and are governed by inequilibrium conditions in upper levels of the Earth crust. Since the sistem equilibrium grows with depth, the possiblity of the formation of ore deposits at dep levels tends to zero.
The report of N.C. White "Worldwide mineral explration: opportunities and challenges for goverments and companies" was devoted to the tactics and strategy of BHP Minerals, a major international mining house of the world. To ensure the maximum likelihood of real returns for shareholders, it constantly reviews the strategy in relation to commodities, targets, global geology and countries. It maximizes the opportunities by 1) developing close relations with ethical and technically excellent national organizations that can promote successful operation in a country; 2) employing and developing excellent local nationals; 3) maintaining a consistent, long-term approach; and 4) developing cutting-edge technology to explore in places and ways that could not have been done before. This approach has exposed BHP to a wide range ofexploration opportunities around the world. A technically sound, aggresively applied exploration philosophy leads to technical advantages that can be translated into economic issues.
Countries moving from centarlly-planed to market-driven countries go through several stages in their approach to mineral investment. In the first stage they guard geological information, overvalue mineral properties, and retain their old ownership policies. This fails to attract major investors. In the second stage they improve security of tenure and make other changes in response to the needs of foreign investors. This attract attention from foreign exploration companies. In the third stage foreign investors are seen as partners in economic development, rather than exploiters, and the state withdraws to a role of regulation, rather than active participation.
In Russia there has been progress, but it is still somewhere between the first and second stages. Some major mineral houses came to Russia, attracted by opportunities, but left again. Despice some bad experienes BHP has stayed and continues exploration activities in many part of Russia in the belief that its commitment will be vindicated in a maturing environment. There remains need for substantial reform in Russia. With enlightened reform, the huge mineral potential of Russia can be realized, which will benefit everyone.
The well-illustrated report of B.A. Dorogovin and E.V. Polyansky. Director and Assistant Director of the All-Russia Research Institute for the Synthesis of Raw Materials (VNIISIMS) "Possiblities for the industrial - scale synthesis of crystal for developing the mineral resource base of Russia" was devoted to the potential of this highly technologic field in our country. They demonstrated the unique and ordinary samples of synthetic cristal-optic raw materials. A color film about this industry was also demonstrated. A wide range of synthetic products, high level of technological devices alaboratet in VNIISIMS and pioneer theoretical works of this institute make it possible to create a newest and unique materials far surprassing (in properties and quality) the natural analogues. Scientists of VNIISIMS are working on the basis of a comprehensive study of natural models and elaboration of new models.
The concluding report of Academician of the RANS N.A. Kurbanov "Polygenous and polychronous gold deposits" was base on a large body of scientific observation. He made the following conclusons: 1) polygenous and polychronous gold deposits of the Phanerozoic and Late Precambrian are related to three ore-energy systems: exogenic-endogenic, plutonogenic and volcanogenic. Each system is characterized by a specific convergent series of deposits formed in different types of gold provinces as a result of the heterogeneous ore formation, which is typical for various exogenic and endogenic regimes of the crustal development; 2) the formation of the convergent series is governed by the regeneration and remobilization of gold from older heterogeneous deposits represented by various relics depending upon the redeposition intensity and Au-bearing sulfide dissemination in carbonaceous sedimentary piles within local depressions serving the role of prospecting criterion. The ore regeneration may be in situ within the ore-bearing formation or in the redeposited form (according to Schneiderholm); 3) the energy for regeneration is mainly provided by endogenic processes, including the granitoid magmatism. At later stages, the plutogenic-hydrothermal models are superimposed and a heterogenous model is developed as a result of the elisonal-catagenetic, volcanogenic-sedimentary or metamorphogenic-metasomatic processes. Consequently, theexogenic-endogenic and plutogenic systems can form a large but common convergent series.
The X Smirnov Scientific Readings was attended by more than 200 students and post-graduate researchers from several educational and geological institutes of Russia and CIS. The Smirnov Foundation diplomas were presented to Academians of the RAS V.A. Sadovnichy, L.N. Kogarko and F.A. Letnikov, Director of VNIISIMS B.A. Dorogovin and Assistant Director of the same institute E.V. Polyansky and Academician of the RANS N.K. Kurbanov.
The Foundation Board awarded certificates and prizes to eleven best under- and post-graduate students from different esucational institutes of Russia (Moscow State University, Russian University of Peoples Friendship, Moscow Geology Prospecting Academy, Novosibirsk State University, Irkutsk State Technical University and Ural Mining and Geological Academy).
The X Smirnov Scientific reading became an important event in the life of our geological community. It demonstrated that only minor positive activities of each member can promote the unification of students and geologist engaged in different educational and industrial institutes.
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