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Multiple territorial identity: Arctic and Post-Modernity

Nadezhda Zamyatina
Leading researcher, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University


"Petersburgskie norilchane" (The Petersburg residents of Norilsk): who are they? "Normal" region identity and a case of "Nothern" identity Nothern identity The situation when "the soul was broken in two parts" between the place of residence in the North and place of birth is typical for Nothern residents.
Razumova Irina. Krajnij Sever glazami ego zhitelej // Ekologiya kultury. - 2006. - 2. - s. 80-91.

Siberian identity The close connections with relatives in the European part of Russia usually mean that the person do not feel himself as "Siberian".
Anisimova A.A., Echevskaya O.G. Sibirskaya identichnost: predposylki formirovaniya, konteksty aktualizacii. Novosibirsk: NGU, 2012. 178 s.

Multiple territorial identity in literature: "vyatsky" Baklakov in Chukotka (roman "Territory" by O. Kuvaev)


The hypothesis The transportation isolation of Arctic cities lowers the quality of life (because of lack of some city services). It have to be compensated

"Normal" space: Cities are connected due to their (Physical) Geographic proximity Arctic space: Cities are connected due to their Non-Geographic proximity


What types of connections exist between the Arctic and the South ("materik") 1. Temporal physical proximity: "The life is broken into two parts: the North and the vacation"
The institutional base of temporal proximity between the Arctic and the South ("materik") "Persons working in organizations located in the far North and equivalent areas, are entitled to payment of travel costs within the territory of the Russian Federation ... one time in two years at the expense of the employer " (Article 325 of the Labour Code). "The live in the North is a waiting of a vacation and a New Year holiday... I even do not use birthdays to count my own years. If there was a vacation, and then the New Year holiday so I have lived one more year of my life" (Female, Novy Urengoy)
« , . . , . , , , , , . , , -, , . . -- , . . , -- , ». (, )
· - « » « - »: ( .). - «». , 2013.

"What is the purpose of life in Norilsk ? The holidays here are good ­ of 56 days long . I compare with my friends on the mainland: who lost smth, who gained smth. I'm on holiday 60 days. I am in Sochi for 20 days, and go there, and here, and 3 days I am here on the ship, and they have not" (Male, Norilsk)


Example of Muravlenko: vacation for everyone
Trips in 2010 ., % Self-esteem well-being No vacation Trips within Tymen Region Trips out of Tymen Region ...including seaside

1. Well
2. Not bad

0,0
11,8 22,1 18,3 33,3 0,0

25,0
5,0 9,1 21,7 11,1 0,0

75,0
83,2 68,8 60,0 55,6 100,0

25,0
28,6 15,6 6,7 11,1 33,3

3. Middle
4. Not well 5. We have enough only for food

Other


The type of trips (the case of Muravlenko)
Class of trip, % Self-esteem well-being

Business Rest
60,0 28,6 18,2 8,3 0,0 25,0 20,6 80,0 60,9 50,6 31,7 27,8 25,0 51,0

To see friends or Leaning relatives
40,0 47,8 53,9 53,3 50,0 50,0 51,0 0,0 14,9 9,7 5,0 0,0 0,0 10,4

Competitions, etc.
0,0 3,7 1,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,2

Other
0,0 1,2 0,6 1,7 0,0 0,0 1,0

1. Well
2. Not bad 3. Middle 4. Not well

5. We have money only for eating
Other Total


The most visited by the citizens of the city of Muravlenko Russian Cities, 2010
Most visited cities City Moscow Tymen' Noyabrsk Ekaterinburg Ufa S.-Petersburg Surgut Sochi Novosibirsk Omsk Number 96 79 60 42 37 27 25 23 21 19 5,3 4,7 3,4 3,1 2,9 2,6 2,4 % 12,1 9,9 7,6 More than 0,75%, More than 0,5, but but lower than lower than 1 %) 0,75%) Belgirod, Kogalym, Perm, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh, Gubkinsky, Izhevsk, Nizhnevartovsk, Novy Urengoi, Orenburg, Stavropol, Tolyatti Adler, Volgograd, Gelendzik, Essentuki, Kurgan, Kursk, Min. Vody, Novorossiysk, Pyatigorsk, Sterlitamak, Khanty-Mansiysk

Salekhard
Samara Anapa Krasnodar

19
16 13 13

2,4
2,4 1,6 1,6

Chelyabinsk
Kasan'

13
9 1,1

1,6


The traditional roles of vacation
· To have a rest and «health recovery» · To have more wide climatic experience -- "to see summer (spring, The ship moving on the river of from the South to the North in autumn) " September, 2013 · To by goods

Yenisey


Non-traditional role of vacation: the information collecting
"The people from the North have more wide outlook"
· 1. , . - - , - - . . . , - , , . 2. , , . . , , , , , , , , , 50, 20--30 , , . , , , , , . . , - , , . , , . , - , - . , - . -

·


Non-traditional role of vacation: the information collecting

"The people from the North have more wide outlook and more high IQ"

The next role of the vacation trips is the maintains of the social networks and also the weak social ties usage. The great portion of informal communication takes part in the period of the vacation trips for Russian Arctic people.
·For example our respondents arrived to the decisions of the university choice or real estate purchases due to advises of friends while having a rest in southern cities. For the low-income cities the vacation is also a chance to get more cheap goods including vegetables and some other food.


Theoretical approach: vacation as a temporal geographic proximity
Temporal proximity theory: A. Torre
Base for temporal proximity as a "solid" base of interregional contacts: -The system of two (or more) dwelling (both in the North and the South)

- Social networks

Institutional conditions of proximity usage: - A paid vacation trip for all having job in Russian Arctic -Readiness to use weak social ties (more for old or rich northerners) - Readiness to use strong social ties (more for newcomes or poor northerners)

Social science theory: Giddens etc.

Routine practices constituting social (and mental, Identity) sustainability of Arctic cities: · The usage of the South as the Other ("mirror") to recognize Northern identity · The distributed territorial identity · The system of information collecting and analysis


The result: we must re-think the northerners as an object of study
· A typical Northerner (or his family) is not an isolated person but a part of an extraterritorial system consists of a social network, a system of dwellings etc. · The identity, life-cycle and a quality-of-life feeling of a Northerner are forming within such a system · Different types of proximity form a base of such a system


Thank You! nadezam@mail.ru