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EJTP 4 (2004) 2527

Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics

Mathematical Time and Physical Time in the Theory Of Relativity
Amrit Sorli and Ilaria Sorli
SpaceLife Institute, Podere Petraiole, 53012 Chiusdino (SI), Italy

Received 19 November 2004 Abstract: In the Theory of Relativity time is an imaginary quantity that can not be observed; it is a multiplication of a number that indicates duration of material change and number i that is an imaginary number. i on the square is -1. Time i t is a mathematical time that describes the speed and the duration of material change. In the Universe one can observe physical time only as a stream of material change. It is not that change run in physical time, change itself is physical time.. Distinction between imaginary mathematical time and visible physical time opens some new perspectives into interpretation of Theory of Relativity. c Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics. All rights reserved. Keywords: Mathematical time, Physical time, Physical space, Time dilatation, Time contraction, Gravitation PACS (2003): 98.80.Jk

1.

Intro duction

In the universe the passing of time cannot be clearly perceived as matter and space directly; one can perceive only irreversible physical, chemical, and biological changes in the physical space the space in which material ob jects exists. On the basis of elementary perception (sight) one can conclude that physical time exists only as a stream of change that runs through physical space. The important point is: Change does not "happen" in physical time change itself is physical time. This is a different and more correct perspective than the conventional view in physics, in which space-time is the theater or "stage" on which physical change happens. The terms "physical time" and "material change" describe the same phenomenon. Physical time is irreversible. Change A transforms into change B, B transforms into C and so on. When B is in existence A does not exist anymore, when C is in existence B does

E-mail: spacelife@libero.it

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Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics 4 (2004) 2527

not exist anymore. Here physical time is understood as a stream of irreversible change that runs through physical space. Theoretically in physical space without material change physical time does not run. Physical space itself is A-Temporal. The idea of space-time is developed into idea of A-Temporal physical space in which physical time run. With clocks we measure duration and speed of physical time [1]. "Time Dilatation" and "Space Contraction". In the fast moving inertial system the duration of physical time is longer for the outside observer. Lets imagine that a train is passing a station with the speed v . The observer on the train throws a ball that is rolling on the floor of the corridor. The duration of physical time of ball rolling will be for him t , for the observer on the embankment the duration (time) of the ball rolling will be t, the connection between two durations is: t =t 1- v2 . c2

For the observer on the embankment the clocks on the train run slower than the clocks on the embankment because the speed of physical time is slower on the train then on the embankment. This would be the exact meaning of "time dilatation": the speed of physical time in faster inertial system is slower than the speed of physical time in slower inertial system. That's why the twin-brother that travels in the fast spaceship is getting older slower than his brother that has remained on the earth. Coming back on the earth he will be younger than his brother [3]. There is no experimental evidence for interpretation that in faster inertial system there is dilatation of time as a fourth coordinate of space-time and that the coordinate of the space in the direction of travelling is contracting. Experiment proves only that the speed of physical time is slower. According to this understanding "space contraction" in faster inertial system should not exists. The golf stick lying on the floor of the corridor in the direction of the train moving will have the same length for the observer on the train as for the observer on the embankment. The duration of physical time is also getting slower with increasing of gravitational force. Clocks run slower with increasing of gravitational force. Duration of material change far away from the mass is in relation with the duration of material change near by mass with the formula: T= T
0 2GM Rc2

1-

where T is the duration of change measured by a clock far away from the mass. By sending twin-brother for a few years on the planet where gravitation is weaker as on the earth he would come back older than his twin-brother that has remained on the Earth. Gravitation Has Zero Speed. In General Relativity gravitational force is carried directly by physical space and acts immediate. Gravitational force does not travel from one material ob ject to another as light does. Gravitational force is present in the same way as physical space is present. In this sense the hypothetical gravitational waves should act

Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics 4 (2004) 2527

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immediately and have zero speed. As the physical space also the gravitational force is a-temporal. The speed of hypothetical gravitational waves should not be faster of the light speed as suggested by Tom Van Flandern [2]. The principle stating that the speed of light is the maximum velocity is preserved here. Time Travel. Mathematical time is reversible and allows hypothetical time travel into past. Physical time is irreversible and excludes possibilities of time travelling; physical past does not exists. Past exists only in mathematical time that is a creation of the scientific mind through which one can not travel with a spaceship. Ideas of travelling into past have no experimental evidence. According to the understanding of time here presented travel into past should be not considered even as hypothetical possibility [3].

2.

Conclusions

Mathematical time is only a description of physical time. Mathematical models of the world are not the world itself.

References
[1] A. Sorli and I. Sorli, A-temporal Gravitation, Electron. J. Theor. Phys. 2, 1-3 (2004). [2] T. Van Flandern, The Speed of Gravity - Repeal of the Speed Limit, http://www.metaresearch.org/cosmology/gravity/ [3] P. Davies, How To Build The Time Machine, Penguin (2002).