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Contemporary interpretation of morphology as a way of obtaining new data on the ecology and evolution of vertebrates (exemplified by birds) Felix Ya. Dzerthinsky, Leonid P. Korzun Summary
In spite of the apparent erosion of interest in animal morphology in modern zoological research (except as a source of diagnostic characters in systematics), it remains an indispensable component of an integrated view of the unique set of properties of each biological species, i.e., of its morphological-ecological specificity. This notion provides insight into the manner in which a species has gained and maintains its place in natural communities. In addition, the notion in question reflects the inimitable evolutionary trajectory it has gone through. Interrelations of form and function are of intricate structure and include several aspects: (1) the form determines functions within the framework of metabolic events at both organism and ecosystem levels; (2) the function determines form within the evolutionary process, since it is a criterion of natural selection; (3) form and function affect each other mutually in the course of embryonic development. The first of the listed relations allows one to extract from morphology information on functional properties of particular structures and whole apparatuses and on ecological requirements and facilities of the whole organism, which are provided by these properties, prior to direct observation. This approach is especially promising concerning elements of the skeletal-muscular system performing mechanical functions, since their functional properties are determined rigidly by their geometrical characteristics, and the relevant information may be inferred confidently from anatomical data. A possibility of using a certain model (an apparatus of a skeletal-muscular system) in a particular study depends on the degree of the antecedent development of its comparative and functional morphology (biomechanics) and requires a great deal of experience and highly developed professional skills of the participants. Examples belonging to the ecological morphology of thejaw apparatus of birds such as spheniscids, bucerotids, phoeniculids, and upuipids show ways of interpreting morphological facts for obtaining new data on the ecology and evolutionary pathways of these birds. : , , , .

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