Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://sp.cs.msu.ru/courses/fmsp/msc&sdl.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Tue May 6 18:01:15 2003 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 21:26:18 2012 Êîäèðîâêà:

. .

. ., . .

: MSC SDL
( 4 )

1998


681.142 - . , , , , . , MSC ( ) SDL ( ), SDT - MSC SDL. .

: .. , ..-.., .. , ..-..

. ., . . : MSC SDL ( 4 ). ( 040777 23.07.96), 1998.- 126 . - . ... ISBN 5-89407-021-X @ . .. 1998

2


. , 1997 . . : . : , , . . . , . MSC. , , . SDL. SDT ­ MSC SDL. , . TeleLOGIC AB () SDT .

3


1. .................................................................................................... 8 1.1. ............................................................................. 9 1.2. ................................................................................ 11 1.3. ............................................................ 12 1.4. ............................................................. 13 2. ................................................................................. 14 2.1. ...................................................................................... 14 2.1.1. ..................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2. .............................................................................................. 15 2.1.3. ............................................................................................ 15 2.2. .......................................................................... 15 2.2.1. ................................................................. 15 2.2.2. ..................................................................... 16 2.3. ...................................................................................... 17 2.4. ........................................................................ 17 2.4.1. ................................................. 18 3. .......................................................................... 20 3.1. .............................................................................. 21 3.2. ............................................................................. 22 3.3. ........................................................................ 22 3.4. .............................................................................. 23 3.5. ................................................................................................. 24 4. ........................................................... 25 4.1. ...................................................................................... 25 4.1.1. ............................................................................................ 25 4.1.2. .................................................................................................. 26 4.2. ....................................................................................................... 27 4.2.1. ........................................................................................... 27 4.2.2. ............................................................................................... 29 4.2.3. ................................................................................ 29 4.2.4. ......................................................................... 30 4.2.5. .................................................................................................. 30 4.2.6. ................................................. 31 4.3. ..................................................... 32 4.4. ............................................................................... 35 4.4.1. ............................................................................................. 35 4.4.2. .................................................................... 37 4.4.3. ............................................................................. 37 4.4.4. .............................................................. 38 4.4.5. ........................................... 39 5. ...................................................................... 42

4


5.1. ......................................................................................................... 5.2. ..................................................................... 5.3. ....................................................................................................... 5.4. ........................................................................................................ 5.5. ................................................................................................. 6. SDL ................................................................................................. 6.1. ................................................................................ 6.2. ......................................................................... 6.3. SDL ............................................................................ 6.3.1. ................................................................................................ 6.3.2. ....................................................................................................... 6.3.3. ................................................................................................. 6.3.4. ............................................................................................ 6.4. .......................................................................................... 6.4.1. ................................................................................................... 6.4.2. .................................................................................. 6.4.3. ..................................................................................................... 6.4.4. ....................................................................... 6.5. ................................................................................................... 6.5.1. .................................................................. 6.5.2. ............................................................................... 6.5.3. ............................................................................................. 6.5.4. ..................................................................................... 6.5.5. ............................................................................ 6.5.6. .................................................................................................... 6.5.7. ................................................................................................ 6.5.8. ..................................................................... 6.5.9. ............................................................................................... 6.5.10. .............................................................................................. 6.5.11. .............................................................................................. 6.6. ......................................................................................................... 6.7. ................................................................................................. 7. SDT .................................................................... 7.1. " "................................................................... 7.2. SDT .................................................................................. 7.3. ............................................................................ 7.3.1. ............................................................................. 7.3.2. .................................................... 7.4. SDL ............................................................... 7.4.1. ................................. 7.4.2. ............................................................... 7.5. .................................................................................................

42 42 46 47 47 48 48 48 50 53 53 54 56 56 57 58 58 59 59 59 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 64 66 66 67 68 69 69 69 70 70 71 72 72 73 74

5


8. ..................................................... 75 8.1. ........................................................ 75 8.2. ............................................. 76 8.3. ................................................................................................. 80 9. SDL ......................................................................... 81 9.1. ................................................................................... 81 9.1.1. ........................................................... 81 9.1.2. ................................................ 83 9.1.3. .................................................................. 84 9.1.4. .......................... 85 9.1.5. .................................................... 85 9.1.6. ........................................................ 86 9.1.7. ............................................................ 86 9.1.8. ...................................................................... 87 9.2. .............................................. 88 9.2.1. ............................................................................ 88 9.2.2. ......................... 90 9.2.3. .............................. 90 9.3. ..................................................................................... 91 9.3.1. .................................. 91 9.3.2. .................... 93 9.4. ........................................................ 95 9.5. ............................................................................... 96 9.5.1. ......................................................... 96 9.5.2. Demon ................................. 96 9.5.3. Game ...................................................... 100 9.5.4. Main ...................................................... 103 9.6. .......................................................................... 104 9.7. ............................................................................................... 105 10. SDL ...................................................... 106 10.1. ........................................................... 106 10.2. .................................................. 107 10.3. .......................................................................... 108 10.3.1. ................................ 109 10.3.2. ................................ 109 10.3.3. ................................... 110 10.3.4. ................................................................... 112 10.4. ...................................... 114 10.4.1. .......................................................... 114 10.4.2. ................... 115 10.4.3. ........................................................... 116 10.4.4. ..................................... 117

6


10.5. .................................................. 10.5.1. .............................. 10.5.2. ..................................................................................... 10.5.3. SDL ............................................................... 10.5.4. ................................................................ 10.6. .............................................................................................

117 118 119 123 124 124

7


1. . , , , , , , . , . , , . , , . , (.. , , ..) . , .. , , . (, , ) , , . , . , (): (requirements analysis) , , . « », . . 8


(system analysis) , . (system design) , () . , . (detailed design) . (implementation) , . , , , , , . - . . 1. : . . 1.1. : .

9


. 1. , , . ( . 1). , () . : ,

10


. , . (OMT). . . , .. , ( !). , . MSC. , . , , , . , , , . 1.2. ­ . . , . , , (, , .), . . ­ , , (.. ) . 11


, , , . , , .. . MSC. 1.3. ­ , .. , , , , . , . , . . : , SDL. SDL . . . , . , . SDL . , , . . . 12


SDL. SDL . , .. , . 1.4. . , .. , .

13


2. . . . , , .. . , . , , 1992 . : (use case), (use case model). ( ) . 2.1. ( . actor), , . . . , ­ , . . . . , .. . , .. . , , , . ( ) . .

14


2.1.1. -, . . . . . , , , .. . , . , , . . , , . , . 2.1.2. (.. ) . , . , . 2.1.3. . , . ( ). ( ). 2.2. 2.2.1. . , .

15


. ( ) . , () () , . . . , .. , ( ) . - . , ( ­ ) , , , . , ( C++, Smalltalk, Java ..) , . , . , , . , . 2.2.2. . ( ), "" , . , ( ) , , , . . . .

16


: · ; · ; · -, ; · , "" . . . . . , , . 2.3. , : · ; · ; · . «» , ( ). (. ). . (. ). . 2.4. 1) , ; , ; 2) ; ; ; 3) ; ; 4) . 1.

17


5) , , ; ; 6) . . 2. 2.4.1. . . 1. . . 2. . . : , UC_1 : : , (, ) ; : ; ; . 3-5 . : , , . : «» , , .

. 1.

18


, UC_1 , : ( : ), , : , . , . : : : : ER_1 () , , , « . X» ER_2 : : ER_n , «» , ER_x

AER_x, x 1 n

. 2.

19


3. , . , , , . : , . , , .. . ( ). . «» , . . . , , - . , : , , . , , , , . - , . . , , . : , . , , , . , . , , 20


. , , . , , , , , . ( ), , . 3.1. , , , ? . , , .. . . , . . .. . , , , . , , . . , . , , . ( ). .

21


3.2. , , . . , , . , (). , . , , . . , . . , , . . : , , . , , . 3.3. , , . , . . . , . , . . 22


, . . . , , . . . . , . . , , . , , . , . . , . , . . ­ . . . , . , , . . 3.4. , . . , . . 23


, , . , , . , , . , ( ), ( ). . , . : , (), , , . 3.5. . , , , : , .

24


4. (Message Sequence Charts, MSC) - . , . ­ . 60 . . 1992 . ( Z.120 1992). , ( Z.120 1996). 1992 . . 4.1. , ( ). , , .. , . . . , . , . - , . ( ) . 4.1.1. . . , ( )

25


ENV ( . "environment", .. ""). :
::= contains {{ | }*} ::= ::=

::=

msc

4.1.2. . , , . SDL : ( system), ( block), ( process). SDL-. decomposed , ( ), . :
::= is followed by ::= is associated with ::= [: ] [decomposed] ::=

::= ::= [ ] ::= system | block | process ::= ::= {is followed by is followed by } is followed by { | }

26


::=

::= | | | | | | ::=

1) . . . " ". 2) - . . . " ". 4.2. 4.2.1. (.. ) . , : . , , , , . . . . .. (message instance name), . , ( ).

27


, . . . :
::= ::= ::= is associated with is connected to { | |} [is followed by ] ::= ::= is associated with is connected to{{ |}} ::= [,] [()] ::= [,] ::= ::= ::=

: : 1. (.. ); 2. ; 3. ; (.. ), , .

28


: 1. : . 2. . 3. . 4.2.2. , , (, ). :
::= contains ::=

::=

: 1. , . 2. . 3. "". 4.2.3. . , . . :
::= [is associated with ] is connected to ::=

29


: (.. ). : 1. : ; 2. : , ("" "") ; 3. , .. ; 4. . 4.2.4. . :
::= H

: , .. . 4.2.5. . , , . : . . SDL. SDL , . , .

30


:
::= | ::= ::=

::= is associated with [()] is connected to ::=

::= is associated with [()] is connected to ::=

::= ::=

: : , . : 1. , . 2. , , . 3. . 4.2.6. . , . , : .

31


:
::= is followed by {|} is followed by ::= ::= { is followed by }+ ::= { is followed by }+ ::=

::=

: . 4.3. . , . . ( - ). : , . . , ( , , ). - , , . . , ( ). , ( , ).

32


ordering, a, b c. . a m1 ; m2 b; m3 c; m4 b. b m2 a; m4 a. m3 a. c . ordering:
MSC ordering

a

b

c

m1 m2 m4 m3

. 2. ordering ordering: MSC ordering; INST a, b, c; INSTANCE a; IN m1 FROM ENV; OUT m2 TO b; OUT m3 TO c;* IN m4 FROM b; ENDINSTANCE;

33


INSTANCE b; IN m2 FROM a; OUT m4 TO a; ENDINSTANCE; INSTANCE c; IN m3 FROM a; ENDINSTANCE; ENDMSC; m in(m), m out (m). ordering:
E={in(m1),out(m2),in(m2),out(m3),in(m3),out(m4),in(m4)}

( ), ordering, E: in(m2) < out(m2) in(m3) < out(m3) in(m4) < out(m4) A E: out(m1) < out(m2) < out(m3) < in(m4) B E: in(m2) < out(m4)





E , ( E): in(m1)

out(m2)

in(m2)

out(m3)

in(m3)

in(m4)

out(m4)

34


, , ( , , ). 4.4. . (.. ). (.. ). 4.4.1. , . - . , , . , , ( ), ( , ) ( ). ( ), . ( ), , . ( ). . ( ), . ( ), . .

35


:
::= ::= contains ::=

::= | | ::= is associated with is connected to { | } ::=

::= is connected to { | } ::= |

::=

::=

::= ::=

::=

36


: : , (.. ). : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 4.4.2. , , . (.. ). , . (MSC) Si. MSC (MSC1 MSC2) , Si MSC1 MSC2. 4.4.3. . , . , , - , . : , ( ,

37


); , ( ). , , , . , . I (, , ). , (MSC1) (MSC2), MSC1 I Si, I MSC2 . ( ) Si . , I ( MSC1 MSC2), . , MSC1 MSC2 , I. , MSC1 , MSC2 (.. ) . 4.4.4. . , , ( ) (.. ). , . , , , , .

38


, , ( ) , . , . , , , , . , , (MSC2) (MSC1), MSC2 MSC1 ( ). , . , . , , , . . , , ( ) . . , , , , . 1992 . ( 1996 .). 4.4.5. (.. ). .

39


submsc. , decomposed ( decomposed ). , decomposed . , . . :
/* from */,

msc submsc). :



(

::= contains { { |}*} ::= ::= submsc ::=

:
::= submsc /* from */ ::= msc | submsc

: decomposed : 1. , decomposed, . 2. , decomposed, . 3. , decomposed,

40


. 4. , , : ( , ). : 1. (.. - ). 2. . 3. , .

41


5. , . 5.1. . , . . . 3. Class1 , . Class2 . Class2 : attrib1 ( ) attrib2 ( atype). Class2 : op1 ( ) op2 arg1 type1 type2.
Class1 Class2

attrib1 attrib2 : atype op1 opr2( arg1:type1) : type2 . 3. 5.2. . , . . 4.

42


. 4. () (. 5). / .

. 5. « ­ ». . , . 6 , . 8. . 43


. (. . 7 ) _. 1 _, 2 ­ _.

. 6.





1


2

. 7. , . , . , , , . (. 8 ). , . .

44


* 0,1 1..*

Class Class Class Class

. 8.









. , ( , ). . , , . , ,

, (« », « »), . , «», «--». 45


. .. 9.


1 *


2 *

3

. 9. 5.3. , . , . , , , , . . . 10.

. 10

46


5.4. , . . , , , , : ExternalModule::Class. 5.5. , , . .

47


6. SDL 6.1. SDL , . . SDL- : 1. - , : , , ; 2. : ( ); 3. . «» . , . (.. ) -, , . 4. : ; (.. ), , . , .. . , . ; , 5. ­ , ; 6.2. SDL, , . . . , , (-) . , . . 48


, .. . . : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) ; 1) 2) . 2) . 3) . < >. 4), 5) 6) . 4) . , . , , .. . , () - . 6) . 7) . -. - : X is associated with Y X contains Y X is connected to Y Y X X Y X Y

49


X is followed by Y

X Y ( ) X Y ; X Y - , , Y X

6.3. SDL . 11 SDL: , , .

50


. 11.

51


SDL :

. 12. (Package Reference Symbol) .





(Kernel Heading Symbol) SDL . . . (Additional Heading Symbol) , . (Frame Symbol) . , . (Page Number Symbol) . . .

52


6.3.1. . . , , . . , . , . . :
::= [ ] is associated with contains { { }* { }* } ::=

::= system ::= contains { | }* ::= { | }* ::= contains ::=

6.3.2. ( ). , . : 53


::= contains { { }* }* {|}} is associated with { }* ::= {,}*

: . , .
::= block ::= ::= { | | }+ ::= ::= contains{[]} ::=

::= is connected to { } ::=

6.3.3. «» . . ­ , . () . .

54


( ), . . , . ( ). ( «-» «-»). :
::= contains { { }* { }* } ::= contains { [ ] { | | | | }* ::= process [ ; ] [] ::= { | }* ::= (,) ::= ::= ::= signalset [ ] ; ::= fpar { , }* ::=

: , . . ( ). ,

55


, , . 6.3.4. . :
::= contains { { }* ::= ::= contains { | }* ::= { ::= text area> area> }

contains name> }

::= procedure [] [] ::= [] { | }* ::= is followed by ::=

::= fpar { , }* ::= ::=[ in/out | in ] ::= returns



6.4.

56


. 13. SDL . ( ). (-) (). - - . , .. - , -. , . , , . 6.4.1.

57


:
::= signal [] ::= ( { , }* )

6.4.2. .. :
::= contains ::=

::= signallist = ; ::= { , }* ::= { | ( ) | ::= name ::= name ::=

6.4.3. . . .

:
::= is associated with { [ ] } is connected to { { | } ::= | |

58


::= ::= ::=

6.4.4. :
::= is associated with { [ ] } is connected to { { } ::= | ::= ::=

6.5. 6.5.1. ( ) . , ( ) . ( ) ( ). :
::= dcl [:= ] ;

: . 6.5.2.

59


, .. , ( ). :
::= is followed by ::=

6.5.3. (). . «*» : , .
::= contains is associated with { | } * ::= ::= * ::= |

::= is connected to ::= is connected to

6.5.4. ( ). , , . 60


:
::= contains { } is followed by ::= { | } [ ( { , }* ) ] ::=

6.5.5. , , . ( ) . , , , , . :
::= { contains } ::= { | } ::=

61


6.5.6. , . :
::= contains is followed by ::= ::=

6.5.7. , . , , . , , ( ), . :
::= [] is followed by { | | | | | | } ::= { |

| | | | } [ is followed by ]

62


6.5.8. 6.5.8.1. , . , . . :
::= ::= contains ::= { | } ::=

6.5.8.2. . , . :
::= is connected to ::= ::=

::= contains ::=

6.5.8.3. . :
::=

63


6.5.8.4. . :
::= [ is associated with ] ::=

,

6.5.9. 6.5.9.1. :
::= contains ::=

6.5.9.2. :
::= contains ::= [ ] ::= ( { , }* ) ::=

SDL . , . . PId. . . , , . 64


-

PId: ( self); ( parent); , ( child); - , ( sender). (.. , , offspring Null, . 6.5.9.3. :

::= contains ::= [ ] ::=

6.5.9.4. , ( via), - ( to) : -, PId -. -, ( ). :

::=

contains

::= [ ] [ to ] [ via ] ::= | ::= | ::= ::= ::=

::=

65


6.5.10. :
::= contains is followed by { { }* | { {}+ [ ] }* ::=

::= is associated with is followed by ::= is associated with is followed by ::= ::= else

6.5.11. :
::= timer [ ] [ := ] ::= contains ::= contains ::= set ::= ( [ ,] [ ( ) ] ) ::= reset ( ) ::= [ ( ) ] ::= ::= ::=

66


. 14. 6.6. SDL . ­ , . , , , . . SDL : Integer, Real, Natural, Boolean, Character, Duration, Time, Charstring, PId. SDL. :
::= { | } { , { | } }* ::= :

67


::= | { = | /= | < | > | <= | >= } ::= <sub>::= | => ::= | {or | xor } ::= | and ::= | {= | /= | > |>= | < | <= | in } ::= | { + | - | // } ::= |{*|/|mod|rem } ::= [ - | not ] ::= | ( )

6.7. SDL. SDL: , , . , , . . , : · - - - - - - · ·

68


7. SDT SDL SDT. , , , . MSC SDL " ". 7.1. " " . : Newgame ( ), Endgame ( ), Probe () Result (). . , .. Newgame , Endgame , . . . , . ( Probe) , , . , , . , Result. 7.2. SDT , SDT . , SDT, $telelogic. , , $examples. : mkdir ~/demongame , . SDT : 1. : cd ~/demongame 2. sdt

69


7.3. - SDT, . : · ; · SDL ; 7.3.1. SDT (SDT Organizer). (SDT Welcome window). ( Continue).

. 15.

70


7.3.2. 5 (. . 15): · Analysis Model (« ») · Used Files (« ») · SDL System Structure (« ») · TTCN Test Specification (« ») · Other Documents (« ») , . , . . , . Analysis Model, Used Files TTCN Test Specifications: 1. Analysis Model, . 2. Remove Edit . 3. Analysis Model , Remove (. . 16).

. 16. 4. 1-3 Used Files TTCN Test Specifications. : 1. SDL System Structure 2. Edit Edit. 3. My first SDL system Edit. : (Organizer) (Area) (. . 17). 71


. 17. 4. , OK. 7.4. SDL : · · · · · SDT · SDL 7.4.1. : 1. My first SDL system 2. Add New Edit. Add New, (. 18).

72


. 18. 3. SDL ( New document type) System , . 4. Demongame ( - Untitled). 5. Show in Editor. 6. , OK. SDL - Demongame. (. . 19). [unconnected] (.. ).

. 19. SDL 7.4.2. . , , . (System File). 73


Save File .

. 20. Save SDT demongame.sdt ( *.sdt ). , OK. Open File . . · Save All ; · « » Save . , , . , « » Save . 7.5. SDT. : · ; · SDL ; · · · · · SDT · SDL

74


8. : - ; - ; 8.1. : 1. Other Documents 2. Add New Edit ( « »). 3. MSC. : DemonGame. Show in editor.

. 21.

75


4. , OK. .

. 22. 8.2. . 23.

. 23.

76


« ». . 25. ( ), ( , ), ( ), ( « ») ( ). , , . : 1. . 2. env, Main Demon. - , . 25. . - (Env, Main, Demon) - (process Main, process Demon)

. 24. , .

77


. 25. DemonGame

78


3. Newgame: - . - env , . - Main. - (Newgame). - , . . 4. Game . ( ): - . - Main. - , . - . 5. Game. - , . : Losing. - . 6. Demon. - . - . - . - : T. 7. . Score 1. , . . 26.

79


8. 9.

, : . Game. .

8.3. SDT. - ; - .

80


9. SDL « ». 9.1. SDL « SDT». 9.1.1. : 1. ( , . 19) 2. Edit Edit. : · , Edit, - Edit. · ­ SDL . 3. Edit ( Show in editor) (. . 27). SDL-

81


. 27. 4. , OK. . 28.

82


. 28. SDL 9.1.2. . . 29 DemonGame. : GameBlock DemonBlock. C3. (C1 C2) . , , .

83


. 29. DemonGame , SDL . 9.1.3. : 1. . . . 2. . «» . , . . , .

84


3. GameBlock). · . · ).

(DemonGame . , (

: · , · . · , Undo Edit. 9.1.4. , , . . . - , , . 9.1.5. DemonBlock GameBlock: 1. DemonBlock. "" (handle).

. 30.

85


2. «» «». «», . . 3. GameBlock. . , .

. 31. (C3). . , ( Bump) : 1. , [ ]. ( ). 2. . 3. . 9.1.6. (, C2): 1. . 2. «» , (. .12). 3. . (, C1): 1. (. ). 2. Redirect Edit. 9.1.7. : 1. , , . 29. 86


9.1.8. 1. Save File SDL . SDL . 2. . SDT , ( , ..). ( - SDT Save) (. . 32).

. 32. 3. SDL DemonGame.ssy. *.ssy . , OK. . . , [unconnected] DemonGame.ssy. - [unconnected]. .

87


9.2. · · · · : ; ; ; ;

9.2.1. . SDT. . 1. . , Analyze Generate . 2. , , . Save (. . 16). , Save All. 3. Save (Analyzer options) (. . 33).

88


. 33. 4. . 33: · Macro expansion · Syntactic analysis · Semantic analysis · (error limit). , , . 5. Analyze. . , "Analyzer done" . 6. Organizer Log. , 89


«» « ». , Organizer Log Tools , « ». 9.2.2. (Organizer Log). : -------------------------------------------------Number of errors: xxxx + Analysis completed , . 1. . , C1. 2. . 9.2.3. : #SDTREF(SDL,/home/nick/course/demongame(1),131(25,50),3 ,8) ERROR 312 Syntax error in rule SIGNALLIST, symbol Name found but one of the following expected: , ; comment Result Endgame; ? : 1. (#SDTREF ... ) , , , , , . 2. (ERROR 312 ... ) .

90


3. (Result Endgame) ? , . . : 1. . 2. Show Error Tools . 3. SDL , . . 4. « » Show Error. SDT ( ). , Clear Log Edit, 9.3. 9.3.1. : · · : 1. GameBlock. Edit (. . 7). , Show in editor . OK. Add Page (. 34).

. 34.

91


2. : , , . . , SDT (Autonumbered). Process Interaction Page (, ) OK. 3. SDL GameBlock 1. . . 35 GameBlock. , , , .

. 35. GameBlock GameBlock . 35. .

92


9.3.1.1.1 . . 9.3.1.1.2 «». «» . 36. «» · «» . · «» (""). , , ( ). (. . 37). «

. 37. . 9.3.2.

93


: · · GameBlock , . , Edit SDL (.. ). DemonBlock : 1. DemonBlock . . Edit:

. 38. DemonBlock . $examples/demongame. , DemonBlock demonblock.sbk 2. , Copy existing file . 3. , DemonBlock :

94


- ( ); - folder . Select File to Copy Block DemonBlock. - . demonblock.sbk . , OK. 4. Edit, OK. .

. 39. DemonBlock 5. , ( « » Save). . SDT DemonBlock.sbk. 6. , OK. 9.4.

95


SDL . SDL , . Diagrams, . 1. Diagrams. :

. 40. , . , . 9.5. 9.5.1. SDL . , .. . 9.5.2. Demon · · · · : ; ; ; SDL;

Demon . 41.

96


. 41. Demon 1. , Graph Page.

. 42.

97


2. SDL . , , . . 41, . . . , , , . 9.5.2.1.1 : 1. . 2. . . 3. SDL. Grammar Help Windows. SDL.

. 43. SDL

98


«» . ­ GRAMMAR ­ . SDL. , . 4. «» (set). : SET(Now+Expr,TimeName).

. 44. 5. Insert Edit. ­ «» . 6. Expr TimerName (1 T, ). . , , .

99


. 45. Close File. 7. , . : Generate. : 1. . Edit , . 2. , Paste. , . 3. . : T. 4. . : Bump. 5. SET(NOW + 1, T). 6. Bump. Insert Paste. . 7. , . : -. 8. T. 9. . 9.5.3. Game : - - 100


Game. Game 34.

. 46. Game 1. , Losing. 2. . , . 101


3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

, , . . Probe . . Bump ( , Probe Winning). Probe . Select Tail Edit. . . Lose Win. Count := Count+1 Winning Probe. , «» «» , , .

. 47. «»

. 48. 11. . 49.

102


. 49. 9.5.4. Main Main . 50.

. 50. Main 103


9.6. : - 1. 2. 3. : . Analyze Generate. , . 51.

. 51. 4. Analyze.

104


5. "Analyzer done". , . : + Analysis started Conversion of SDL to PR started Conversion to PR completed Syntactic analysis started Syntactic analysis completed Semantic analysis started Semantic analysis completed + Analysis completed 9.7. SDL SDT. : · ; · ; · ; · ; · · · ·

105


10. SDL , , .. . : - ; - ; - ; 10.1. : 1. 2. Make Generate. Make.

. 52. Make 3. , . 52. Analyse & generate code . Compile & link Generate makefile Use standard kernel . , Use standard kernel Simulation ( ). 106


4. , Make. 5. , . "Compiler done", Organizer Log «Make started» «Make completed» 6. , , Make, Full Make. . 10.2. Make demongame_xxx.sct , SDT ( _xxx ). , . . . SDT . . 1. Simulator UI SDL Tools. 2. .

107


. 53. ( ) , , , . , . 3. Open File « » Open. 4. demongame_xxx.sct. , OK Open. 5. : Welcome Demongame to SDT SIMULATOR. Simulating system

( Main Demon), . ( Command: ). 10.3. : 108


-

; SDL-, ; ; ; ; .

10.3.1. , .. , . Set-Trace. Command: ( ). 1. . Set-Trace 6 . 6 , . . . : Welcome to SDT SIMULATOR. Simulating system Demongame. Command: set-trace 6 10.3.1.1.1 Default trace set to 6 Command: 2. , .. SDL . -, . set-gr-trace 1. 1 , , . 10.3.2.

109


1. show-next-symbol. SDL , Main. , . 2. next-transition ( n-t ). Main : - : , , , . , . *** TRANSITION START * Pid : Main:1 * State : start_state * Now : 0.0000 *** NEXTSTATE Game_Off - SDL , . ­ Demon. 3. Demon : . (n-t). , . Demon. , SDL , T. SDT , , . , T. 10.3.3.

110


(, Newgame, Main.) Output-Via, , ( Newgame) , . . . . 1. Send Signal Send Via ( ). Output-Via ( ). . . , .

. 54. Newgame 2. Newgame OK. 3. :

111


. 55. 4. ( C1). , OK. . , Newgame. 10.3.4. 1. , Transition Execute. , Game_On. , , , (Game_Off) (Newgame): *** TRANSITION START * Pid : Main:1 * State : Game_Off * Input : Newgame * Sender : env:1 * Now : 0.0000 * CREATE Game:1 * ASSIGN GameP := Game:1 *** NEXTSTATE Game_On

112


Game, , Game. , , , . , ( ). 2. Game, Transition. Game Losing Demon. 3. ( ). , . . , . *** TIMER signal was sent * Timer : T * Receiver : Demon:1 *** NOW : 1.0000 4. . Generate T. Bump Game: *** TRANSITION START * Pid : Demon:1 * State : Generate * Input :T * Sender : Demon:1 * Now : 1.0000 * OUTPUT of Bump to Game:1 * SET on timer T at 2.0000 *** NEXTSTATE Generate , Bump Game. ,

113


Bump Game Winning, Probe ( Bump). 5. Game Winning. Demon , T, , Probe : 6. Probe, Send Via. Game. 7. . Probe Win . Game Winning Probe Bump. *** * * * * * * * *** TRANSITION START PId : Game:1 State : Winning Input : Probe Sender : env:1 Now : 1.0000 OUTPUT of Win to env:1 ASSIGN Count := 1 NEXTSTATE Winning

10.4. : ; ; ; .

10.4.1. 1. : Restart File . . OK.

114


. 2. 1. , , .. . 3. signal-log . . , . ­ SDL , . . 4. env . .

. 56. 5. signal-log , . . signal.log File. 10.4.2. .

115


1. Send Signal. Add Group .

. 57. 2. Newgame Label. !. output-via newgame ­ Definition. "-" output-via - ( OK) .

. 58. 3. , Apply. , . 4. Probe, Result Endgame. 5. , OK. 10.4.3. 1. Newgame, Newgame. 116


2. 5.5. Until Time Execute. 5.5. 3. Probe. 4. 10.3. , (Win Lose?). 5. Probe . 6. Result. 7. 13.5. , . 10.4.4. 1. , Stop Sim Execute. . . 2. signal.log : Signal log for system Demongame with unit Process env on file ... 0.0000 Newgame from env:1 to Main:1 5.5000 Probe from env:1 to Game:1 5.5000 Win from Game:1 to env:1 10.3000 Probe from env:1 to Game:1 10.3000 Probe from env:1 to Game:1 10.3000 Result from env:1 to Game:1 10:3000 Lose from Game:1 to env:1 10:3000 Lose from Game:1 to env:1 10:3000 Score from Game:1 to env:1 Parameter(s) : 1 10.5. . SDL SDL

117


. SDL . : ; SDL; SDL .

10.5.1. 1. . 2. , SDL . SDL Level : Show Trace , (GR Trace) 0. 3. MSC Trace : Start Trace. . 1 . , OK.

. 59.

118


4. , "SimulatorTrace". : Main_1_1, Demon_1_2 env_0 ( ):

. 60. 10.5.2. 1. Newgame . env_0 Main_1_1. , , , - . ( , , ). , , , , SDT. 2. . Main Game_Off. , Main SDL . 3. . Demon T. 4. SDL . Symbol Execute . Main Newgame.

119


. , Newgame , .. T , . 5. SDL ( Symbol Execute). Game. . .

. 61. Game. 6. , Transition. Game Losing. 7. . T, Bump. Game

120


8.

9. 10. 11.

Winning. . , . Probe SDL . , , , . . Win . Result . Score 1. , Endgame . Game.

121


. 62. (1) 122


. 63. (2) 10.5.3. SDL 1. , Bump. 2. Info Window Window . .

123


. 64. Show SDL Symbol . SDL Bump: - , ; - , . 10.5.4. 1. MSC Trace : Stop Trace. 2. SimulatorTrace.msc, Save File . 3. , Exit File. 10.6. . : - ; ; 124


SDL-, ; ; ; ; . - ; ; ; ; . - ; ; SDL; SDL .

125</sub>