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The invention relates to nanotechnology, biotechnology, genetic engineering and medicine and makes it possible to produce nucleoprotein nanostructures which exhibit various properties useful for health care purposes. The invention offers a new method for producing nucleoprotein nanoparticles, which involves (a) providing an expression vector for directing nucleic acid synthesis in a plant cell; (b) providing at least one expression vector for directing the synthesis of a protein in a plant cell, which is capable of binding with nucleic acid and forming nanoparticles; (c) introducing said vectors into the plant cell; and (d) cultivating the plant cell in conditions that provide for the combined expression of said vectors in the cell and the assembly of a nucleoprotein nanoparticle. Nanoparticles produced according to this method are also disclosed. The invention makes it possible to produce nucleoprotein nanoparticles based on virions, pseudoverions or virus-like particles. The nanoparticles produced can also contain a functional section in the form of an antigen or a sequence that binds and inactivates a pathogen.