Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/biol_154/textbook/intro_botany.out Дата изменения: Tue Dec 15 06:51:17 2015 Дата индексирования: Sun Apr 10 20:04:34 2016 Кодировка:

\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter*.2}{Foreword}{}% 1
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter*.3}{Glossary}{}% 2
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.1}{Introduction to the Introduction}{}% 3
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.1}{Plants, Botany, and Kingdoms}{chapter.1}% 4
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.1.1}{Taxonomy}{section.1.1}% 5
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.1.2}{Methods of Taxonomy and Diagnostics}{section.1.1}% 6
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.2}{Styles of Life and Basic Chemistry}{chapter.1}% 7
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.2}{Photosynthesis}{}% 8
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.1}{Discovery of Photosynthesis}{chapter.2}% 9
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.2}{Light Stage}{chapter.2}% 10
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.3}{Enzymatic Stage}{chapter.2}% 11
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.4}{C4 Pathway}{chapter.2}% 12
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.3}{Symbiogenesis and the Plant Cell}{}% 13
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.1}{Introduction to Cells}{chapter.3}% 14
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.2}{Mitochondria and Chloroplasts}{chapter.3}% 15
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.3}{Cell wall, Vacuoles, and Plasmodesmata}{chapter.3}% 16
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.4}{Other Parts of the Cell}{chapter.3}% 17
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.3.4.1}{Protein Synthesis: from the Nucleus to the Ribosomes}{section.3.4}% 18
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.3.4.2}{Other Vesicles}{section.3.4}% 19
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.3.4.3}{Cellular Skeleton}{section.3.4}% 20
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.4}{Multicellularity, the Cell Cycle and the Life Cycle}{}% 21
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.1}{Mitosis and the Cell Cycle}{chapter.4}% 22
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.2}{Syngamy and Meiosis}{chapter.4}% 23
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.2.1}{Sexual Process and the Syngamy}{section.4.2}% 24
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.2.2}{Meiosis}{section.4.2}% 25
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.3}{Life cycle of the Unicellular Eukaryote}{chapter.4}% 26
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.4}{Life cycle of the Multicellular Eukaryote}{chapter.4}% 27
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.4.1}{General Life Cycle}{section.4.4}% 28
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.4.2}{Sporic, Zygotic and Gametic Life Cycles}{section.4.4}% 29
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.4.3}{Evolution of Life Cycles}{section.4.4}% 30
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.4.4}{Life Cycle of Vegetabilia}{section.4.4}% 31
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.5}{Tissues and organs; How the Plant is built}{}% 32
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.1}{Tissues}{chapter.5}% 33
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1.1}{Epidermis and Parenchyma}{section.5.1}% 34
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1.2}{Supportive Tissues: Building Skyscrapers}{section.5.1}% 35
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1.3}{Meristems: the Construction Sites}{section.5.1}% 36
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1.4}{Vascular Tissues}{section.5.1}% 37
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1.5}{Periderm}{section.5.1}% 38
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1.6}{Absorption Tissues}{section.5.1}% 39
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1.7}{Other Tissues}{section.5.1}% 40
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.2}{Organs and Organ Systems}{chapter.5}% 41
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.3}{The Leaf}{chapter.5}% 42
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.3.1}{Morphology of the Leaf}{section.5.3}% 43
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.3.2}{Anatomy of the Leaf}{section.5.3}% 44
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.3.3}{Ecological Forms of Plants}{section.5.3}% 45
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.4}{The Stem}{chapter.5}% 46
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.4.1}{Morphology of the Stem}{section.5.4}% 47
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.4.2}{Anatomy of the Primary Stem}{section.5.4}% 48
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.5}{The Root}{chapter.5}% 49
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.5.1}{Morphology of the Root}{section.5.5}% 50
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.5.2}{Anatomy of the Root}{section.5.5}% 51
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.5.3}{Water and Sugar Transportation in Plants}{section.5.5}% 52
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.6}{Growing Diversity of Plants}{}% 53
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.6.1}{Bryophyta: the mosses}{chapter.6}% 54
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.6.2}{Pteridophyta: the ferns}{chapter.6}% 55
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.6.2.1}{Diversity of pteridophytes}{section.6.2}% 56
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.6.2.2}{Heterospory: Next step on land}{section.6.2}% 57
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.7}{The Origin of Trees and Seeds}{}% 58
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.1}{Secondary Stem}{chapter.7}% 59
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.2}{Branching Shoot}{chapter.7}% 60
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.3}{Modified Shoot}{chapter.7}% 61
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.4}{Life Forms}{chapter.7}% 62
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.7.4.1}{Dynamic Approach}{section.7.4}% 63
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.7.4.2}{Raunkiaer's Approach}{section.7.4}% 64
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.7.4.3}{Architectural Models Approach}{section.7.4}% 65
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.5}{Origin of the Seed}{chapter.7}% 66
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.7.5.1}{Seeds Structure and Germination}{section.7.5}% 67
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.6}{Spermatophyta: seed plants}{chapter.7}% 68
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.8}{The Origin of Flowering}{}% 69
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.1}{Upgraded Gymnosperms}{chapter.8}% 70
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.2}{The Flower and the Fruit}{chapter.8}% 71
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.2.1}{The Flower}{section.8.2}% 72
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.2.2}{The Inflorescence}{section.8.2}% 73
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.2.3}{Pollination}{section.8.2}% 74
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.2.4}{The Fruit}{section.8.2}% 75
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.3}{Three plant families you wanted to know but were too afraid to ask}{chapter.8}% 76
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.3.1}{Leguminosae, or Fabaceae\204legume family}{section.8.3}% 77
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.3.2}{Compositae, or Asteraceae\204aster family}{section.8.3}% 78
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.3.3}{Gramineae, or Poaceae\204grass family}{section.8.3}% 79
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.9}{Plants and Earth}{}% 80
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.1}{Geography of Vegetation}{chapter.9}% 81
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.2}{Geography of Vegetabilia}{chapter.9}% 82