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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Geological Institute THE RUSSIAN FOUNDATION FOR BASIC RESEARCH


A.O. Mazarovich GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF CENTRAL ATLANTIC: FRACTURE ZONES, VOLCANIC EDIFICES AND DEFORMATIONS OF THE OCEAN FLOOR
Transactions, vol. 530 Founded in 1932

Moscow Scientific World 2000


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Geological Structure of Central Atlantic: Fracture Zones, Volcanic Edifices and Deformations of the Ocean Floor. ­ Moscow: Scientific World, 2000. ­ 1 76 p. (Transactions of GIN RAS; Vol. 530)
The monography represents an overview of recent data on relief, geological and tectonic structure of the Central Atlantic. The basis of an overview is comprised of the original data obtained during the expeditions of Geological Institute RAS. The description of Mid-Atlantic ridge between equator and 15°N is made. New model of hydrothermal fields formation and localisation within the limits of slow spreading mid-ocean ridges is suggested. Transversal tectonic zoning of the Central Atlantic is defined. Wide spread of the deformation processes of sedimetary cover and ocean bottom relief complication due to differently aged acoustic basement movements of various scale, amplitude and direction is concluded. The main features of structural evolution of volcanic islands along West Africa coast and North-East of South America are established. It is shown, that Canary Islands and Cape-Verde Islands are not the "hotspot tracks" and the new model of their origin is suggested. Fig. 118. Tabl. 16. Bibl. 452.

Mazarovich A.O.

Published at financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 00­05­78040)
Editorial Board:
Yu.G. Leonov (Editor-in-Chief), M.A. Akhmetiev, Yu.O. Gavrilov, Yu.V. Kariakin, S.A. Kurenkov, M.A. Semikhatov

Reviewers: A.Ya. Sharaskin, L.V. Dmitriev, A.V. Ilyin

ISBN 5-89176-128-9

.. , 2000. , 2000. , 2000.



............................................................................................................................................................... 1. ................................................. 1.1. ..................................................................... 1.2. ................................................................ 1.3. .................................................................................................................................................. 2. .................................................... 2.1. XIX ­ 60- . XX . .......................................................... 2.2. 60-­70- . XX . ............................................................ 2.3. .................................................................................................................................................. 3. . . .................................................................................... 3.1. ............ 3.2. .......................................................................................... 3.3. ............................................................................................................................................ 3.4. .................................................................................................................................................. 4. .................................... 4.1. - .............................................. 4.2. - 16° .. ......................................................................................................................................... 4.3. - 25° .. .................................... 4.4. - .............................................................................. 4.5. - . - ......................................... 4.6. - ......... 4.7. .................................................................................................................................................. 5. ................................................................... 5.1. ...................................................................................................................... 5.2. ................................................................................................................................................... 5.3. .................................................................... 5.4. .................................................... 5.5. .................................................................................................................................................. 6. ........................ 6.1. ....................................................... 6.2. ..... 6.3. ....................................................................................................................... 6.4. .................................................................................................................................................. 7. .................................................... 7.1. .................................................................................. 7.2. .................................................................................. 7.3. .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................ . ................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 13 13 15 17 18 18 27 32 33 33 36 37 40 41 41 43 49 63 64 68 70 72 72 75 79 95 99 101 101 127 132 139 141 141 147 151 153 159 161


CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 1. The problem of tectonic terminology of Atlantic Ocean .......................................................................... 13 1.1. The origin of modern ocean tectonic terminology ................................................................................ 13 1.2. Development and establishment of modern terminology system ......................................................... 15 1.3. Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2. The sources of Atlantic Ocean structure conception ............................................................................... 18 2.1. Conceptions of XIX ­ 60-s of XX century on Atlantic Ocean tectonic ............................................... 18 2.2. Conceptions on Atlantic Ocean tectonic of 60-s ­ 70-s of XX century ................................................ 27 2.3. Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 3. The map of geological contents of Atlantic Ocean floor. The history and perspectives. Database on Central Atlantic ............................................................................................................... 33 3.1. The scales of geological maps of ocean floor deep areas ..................................................................... 33 3.2. Classification of geological maps of ocean floor deep areas respect from methods of investigation ....................................................................................................................... 36 3.3. Comprising elements of new generation geological maps of Atlantic Ocean ...................................... 37 3.4. Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 4. The structure of rift zone and active parts of transform faults ............................................................... 41 4.1. Common characteristic of Mid-Atlantic ridge relief ............................................................................41 4.2. Common geological characteristic of Mid-Atlantic ridge between 16°N and equator ......................... 43 4.3. Structure of Mid-Atlantic ridge between 25°N and equator ................................................................. 49 4.4. Segmentation of Mid-Atlantic ridge ..................................................................................................... 63 4.5. Structural heterogeneity of Mid-Atlantic ridge. Relationship of Mid-Atlantic ridge structures and transversive discontinuties .............................................................................................................. 64 4.6. Tectonic setting of hydrothermal fields on Mid-Atlantic ridge ............................................................ 68 4.7. Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 5. The structure of passive parts of transform faults ................................................................................... 72 5.1. Main features of the Central Atlantic transform faults passive parts structure ..................................... 72 5.2. Segmentation of the Central Atlantic ocean crust outside the limits of ridge axial zone ...................... 75 5.3. Examples of transform faults flangs structure ...................................................................................... 79 5.4. Some features of oceanic faults morphostructure ................................................................................. 95 5.5. Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................... 99 Chapter 6. The structures of volcanic islands and seamounts of the Central Atlantic ............................................. 101 6.1. Cape Verde Islands and adjacent areas magmatism .............................................................................. 101 6.2. Structure of magmatic activity centers around West Africa and South America .................................. 127 6.3. Main features of the Central Atlantic volcanic edifices structure ........................................................ 132 6.4. Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................... 139 Chapter 7. The relationships of oceanic and continental structures ......................................................................... 141 7.1. West Africa continental margins ........................................................................................................... 141 7.2. South America continental margins ...................................................................................................... 147 7.3. Synthesis ............................................................................................................................................... 151 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................... 153 Appendix. Object codes for World Ocean database ................................................................................................ 159 Literature .................................................................................................................................................................... 161



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