Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://genphys.phys.msu.su/rus/edu/opt/II_2/Lections/Lection17.pdf Дата изменения: Tue May 22 09:36:13 2012 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 00:21:46 2012 Кодировка:

. . : . . .



G

( ) : , En. .



G

( ) : En Em , :

h

mn

= Em - E

n


, rn



meV e En = Ek + E p = - 2 4 0 rn 4 mee 1 * 2, En = - 22 8 0 h n n -

2

2


G

, En Em < En ,

R = 3,29 1015









. G . G .
G

G




:
.
G

,



- - E
G


= (n + 1 2 )

n . n, .

:

n = ±1
!





CH2
-
Symmetrical stretching Antisymmetrical stretching «»











( ). G , .

G

E

rot

L = 2I

2



GL


L= ( + 1)

G


2

E
GErot

ro t

=

( + 1) 2I

.



G

-
2

.
G

:

E=E

r ot

+E

vi br

=

( + 1) 1 +n + 2I 2

G G G G G

+1 : 2 E ph = [ ( + 1)( + 2) - ( + 1) ] 2I 2 2 2 2 + 3 + 2 - - = ( + 1) = ( I 2I :


GE

. G , = ±1 n = ±1



G G

( ) . energy. ,

. , . G .
G

n = 3

n = 2

n = 1

n = 0





G
G



: ~1014 - 1017 .

G

:

~1011 - 1013 .

G
G



: ~109 - 1010 .



G



:

E = E



+ E



+ E



2nd





1st

, , .., .



,




















G G G G





G G G





G G G








G





G




G






G





I = D (T )



3

h exp( - ) kT


G

G G G

-




G




G





G

» «





Z



X
O

I I


ll

Y


I P= I

II II

-I +I



I ll - I r= I ll + 2 I


2 r= 3
:

1 1 - P 3

-1

2P r= 3- P
P 0.50 0.30 0.10 r 0.40 0.22 0.069


t=0 t>0

:

1 1 1 1 2 - = - 2 P 3 Po 3 3 cos - 1




dN2 ( t N2

) ( 0)

= Ae dt

-At




=

1 A




.

S0 + hv S1 T S0 + hv 1





hv0 + S0 S1 (), S1 S0 + ( ) S1 T1 + ( ) T1 S0 + ( ) T1 S0 + hv (), S1 S0 + hv (), ( ) I


k [S1 ]

KST [S1 ]

KT [T1 ]

K [T1] K [S1 ] K [T1 ]



G





G





G


G G G G

" " ()

G


G

G G



G

G


G G G

()

G G G





, -, -
G

G














pH




Experimental Systems Accessible to Fluorescence
Molecular structure and dynamics Cell organization and function

Actin filament

Actin filaments In endothelia cell

Animals

Engineered surfaces

GFP in a mouse

High throughput Drug discovery

GM






Light (Microwave) Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

LASER



(1917) (.. , 1940)

()




()

()




h

E2

E2
h

E1

E2 h
h

E1

h

E1


- ,


















Left to right: Prokhorov, Townes and Basov at the Lebede institute (1964 Nobel prize in Physics for developing the "Maser-Laser principle")


Maiman and the first ruby laser



Ali Javan and the first He-Ne Laser