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Giorgio Fontana

The Four Space-times Model of Reality
University of Trento, I-38050 Povo, Italy +39-0461-883906;

giorgio.fontana@unitn.it

. ; polikarpoff2@yandex.ru . ; karasevich_anton@mail.ru

.. .

. "- 3+1", . - , . ,

. , , - , , . 4- , , , , . , , - . - , . . - , , - . .

, , (Dine, 2004), , . . , , , ( , , ). . 5% , 1/4 , 3/4 , (Peebles, 2003; Deffayet, 2002). ,

, , . , ; . ? , , , ? , , ? "" / ? ? , «» , -, , «» « ». , , - "" , "" . "" . (Misner, 1973) -. - , , , , , . -, , . . -, -, , "", . , . , , , 1/5 , . , / , . - ; Kaluza-Klein', . , , . (Germani, 2002)

"" . , , "" . , .

- . (, - ) , . (Modanese, 2004), "- 3+1", , "- 3+1" . , , "- 3+1"; -, , , . , " 3+1" , , "- 3+1" , , «» «». , . (Misner, 1973) + - . . , . (-), . , , , . , . -, , .

(ESR). - ESR ++++, "- 3+1" . ESR "- 3+1" , .

, Montanus (2001) Gersten (2003). Almeida (2001) , (4DO). Gersten Almeida , . Almeida (2004b) 4DO . (SR) , , . . , , -, SR . . , SR . SR, : (d)І= І(dt)І- (dx)І-(dy)І- (dz)І (1 )

c , . Minkowski t, x, y, z -, , , . (1) -; "" - . ESR (1) : cІ(dt)І = (d)І + (dx)І + (dy)І+(dz)І (2)

(2) , x, y, z - , t - , ; , (2) . t , c. , . ESR t, , x, y, z, . SO(4) (Gersten, 2003).

ESR , (2), . , , . , , , 4-, (2) (dt)І:

(3) ESR , , , . Gersten , (3) , , . ESR (Montanus, 2001):

(4) L=K-U, , E=mcІ. , ESR ( ) : E - . E m, E , "" . , , (3), . , ( c) (, x, y), (, x, z) (, y, z). , , , ( ) ( , ) . , -, : , , (2). 4

, "" "" . SR . , , (x, y, z), :

(5) . , :

(6) , c. -. , , SR (x, y, z, t), , " ", . , , (3). , , , , , . , , , .

1. «- 3+1» (1) - . , ( -) c " " . - () -, . P (PP') , SO4 . - , , , , . ESR , SR. , , (6) , , , .

c, . , , c, "" -. , , , -, "" -. , . , , , , . , "" , "" . , , - , , - , . : - , , , , . ESR . , . ( -), , , -. , .

, ESR SR, SR. 4DO, , GR. GR , (Almeida, 2004b; Montanus, 2001). , . . Almeida (2001), :

(7) , ESR : (8) (5) (6) :

(9) n , (n=1 ). : cІ(dt)І= nІ [(dx)І+ (dy)І+ (dz)І] (10) :

(11)

(12) . , |c/n | =h / (| n|E). , , (7), (8) (11) :

(13) , d=0 d=0, dsІ=n(dІ) :

(14)

(Almeida, 2001). Montanus (2001) , GR . 4DO GR, 4DO GR, . . . , , dsІ=n (d І) , GR , , , , , (d'Inverno, 1996) (Almeida, 2004a). GR 4DO , , , , , ( ) . (13) |n | <1, Gm>r, , . (2) (13) , , v=c / | n |. , . , 4DO . , . Almeida (2001) . (7) , t:

(15) , , , , "" . , , / . "" (14), , , .

v=c / | n | (14), :

(16) , , E= mcІ , m( cІ/vІ). , , . , , 4DO , GR, . , , , n . : . ESR GR: , , , , . - . «- 3+1» . , , «- 3+1», . , . , , , 4DO . ( ) . , , (HFGW) (Fontana, 2004 2003b; Baker, 2004), . , (Bostrom, 2003). ESR 4DO,

, / , 4D .

, . , , , , , , . . , , " ". , , , . " " , . HFGW GR, " " (Fontana, 2000 and 2003; Baker, 2004), ESR 4DO. - , . , . , , 4- , . . , 4DO , , GR. , n (, x, y, z), , .

- SR , «- 3+1» . -, -, , "". , , . , . . , , ", ", , , , , . , , , , , . , , " " , , "/" , . " , " ( , ) GR, "" "". " t" , "" , , . , , "" . "", "" "" . , - . ; .

() t , -, - ( -) , - . , , .

.. -. . REFERENCES Almeida, J.B., "An alternative to Minkowski space-time," v2, http://arxiv.org/abs/grqc/0407022 (2001), accessed July 16, 2004. Almeida, J.B., "An Hypersphere model of the Universe The dismissal of dark matter," v3, http://arxiv.org/abs/Physics/0402075 (2004a), accessed July 16, 2004. Almeida, J.B., "Euclidean formulation of general relativity," v1, http://arxiv.org/abs/Physics/0406026 (2004b), accessed July 16, 2004. Baker, R. M. L. Jr., " Precursor Proof-of-Concept Experiments for Various Categories of High-Frequency Gravitational Wave (HFGW) Generators," in proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2004) , edited by M. El-Genk, AIP Conference Proceedings 699, Albuquerque, N.M. 8-11 February, (2004), pp. 1093-1097. Bostrom, N.,"Are you living in a computer simulation?" Philosophical Quarterly, 53, No. 211, pp. 243-255, (2003) Deffayet, C., Dvali G., Gabadaze G., "Accelerated universe from gravity leaking to extra dimensions," Physical Review D, 65, 044023-1 044023-9 (2002) Dine, M., Kusenko A., "Origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry," Reviews of Modern Physics, 76, 1 30 (2004)

D'Inverno, R., Introducing Einsten's Relativity, Clarendon Press, Oxford, (1996). Fontana, G., "Gravitational Radiation and its Application to Space Travel," in proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000), edited by M. El-Genk, AIP Conference Proceedings 504, New York, (2000), pp. 1085-1092. (physics/0110042) Fontana, G., "Gravitational Radiation Applied to Space Travel," Proceedings of the Gravitational-Wave Conference, edited by P. Murad and R. Baker, The MITRE Corporation, Mclean, Virginia, May 6-9, Paper HFGW-03-111 (2003a). Fontana, G. and Baker, R. M. L. Jr., "The High-Temperature Superconductor (HTSC) Gravitational Laser (GASER)," Proceedings of the Gravitational-Wave Conference, edited by P. Murad and R. Baker, The MITRE Corporation, Mclean, Virginia, May 6-9, Paper HFGW-03-107 (2003b). Fontana, G., "Design of a Quantum Source of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) and Test Methodology," in proceedings of Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF2004), edited by M. El-Genk, AIP Conference Proceedings 699, Albuquerque, N.M. 8-11 February, (2004), pp. 11141121. (physics/0410022) Germani, C., Sopuerta C. F., "String Inspired Brane World Cosmology," Physical Review Letters, 88, 231101-1..4 (2002) Gersten, A., "Euclidean Special Relativity," Foundation of Physics, 33, 1237-1251 (2003) Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S. and Wheeler, J. A., Gravitation, Freeman (1973). Montanus, J.M.C., "Proper-Time Formulation of Relativistic Dynamics," Foundation of Physics, 31, 1357-1399 (2001) Modanese, G., Fontana, G., "Effect of the Vacuum Energy Density on Graviton Propagation," in proceedings of Space

Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2004) , edited by M. ElGenk, AIP Conference Proceedings 699, Albuquerque, N.M. 8-11 February, (2004), pp. 1198-1205. (physics/0409098) Peebles, P. J. E., Ratra B., "The cosmological constant and dark energy," Reviews of Modern Physics, 75, 559 606 (2003)