Summury: Usually
a water column consists of two big layers. The upper layer (10-50 m
deep) is characterized by strong mixing, as a result, both the biomass
and nutrients are nearly uniformly distributed there. Mixing in the
lower layers is much smaller and all distributions there are highly
nonuniform. In this article we show that in the presence of an upper
mixed layer (UML) there can be two stable vertical distributions of
phytoplankton biomass: either the bulk of the biomass is located within
the upper layer or below it. In the first case the biomass shades sun
light and prevents growth in deep layers, in the last case the deep
biomass maximum (at around 70-100 m depth) stops nutrient flux from the
bottom and makes the upper layer unfavorable. The result depends only
on the initial conditions, thus preparing the system in a special way
(putting a lot of nutrients or removing the biomass from the upper
layers) we can switch between two different profiles of biomass. The
UML also changes the outcome of competition between two species,
favoring that one which has higher light requirements.
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