Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://old.hcs.cmc.msu.ru/mysql/INSTALL-BINARY Дата изменения: Wed Oct 6 02:09:29 1999 Дата индексирования: Mon Oct 1 20:34:24 2012 Кодировка:

Installing a MySQL binary distribution
======================================

* Menu:

* Linux-RPM:: Linux RPM files
* Building clients:: Building client programs
* Binary install system issues:: System-specific issues

You need the following tools to install a *MySQL* binary distribution:

* GNU `gunzip' to uncompress the distribution.

* A reasonable `tar' to unpack the distribution. GNU `tar' is known
to work.

An alternative installation method under Linux is to use RPM (RedHat
Package Manager) distributions. *Note Linux-RPM::.

If you run into problems, *PLEASE ALWAYS USE* `mysqlbug' when posting
questions to . Even if the problem isn't a bug,
`mysqlbug' gathers system information that will help others solve your
problem. By not using `mysqlbug', you lessen the likelihood of getting
a solution to your problem! You will find `mysqlbug' in the `bin'
directory after you unpack the distribution. *Note Bug reports::.

The basic commands you must execute to install and use a *MySQL* binary
distribution are:

shell> gunzip < mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db
shell> bin/safe_mysqld &

You can add new users using the `bin/mysql_setpermission' script if you
install the `DBI' and `Msql-Mysql-modules' Perl modules.

Here follows a more detailed description:

To install a binary distribution, follow the steps below, then proceed
to *Note Post-installation::, for post-installation setup and testing:

1. Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the
distribution, and move into it. In the example below, we unpack
the distribution under `/usr/local' and create a directory
`/usr/local/mysql' into which *MySQL* is installed. (The
following instructions therefore assume you have permission to
create files in `/usr/local'. If that directory is protected, you
will need to perform the installation as `root'.)

2. Obtain a distribution file from one of the sites listed in *Note
Getting *MySQL*: Getting MySQL.

*MySQL* binary distributions are provided as compressed `tar'
archives and have names like `mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz', where
`VERSION' is a number (e.g., `3.21.15'), and `OS' indicates the
type of operating system for which the distribution is intended
(e.g., `pc-linux-gnu-i586').

3. Unpack the distribution and create the installation directory:

shell> gunzip < mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

The first command creates a directory named `mysql-VERSION-OS'.
The second command makes a symbolic link to that directory. This
lets you refer more easily to the installation directory as
`/usr/local/mysql'.

4. Change into the installation directory:

shell> cd mysql

You will find several files and subdirectories in the `mysql'
directory. The most important for installation purposes are the
`bin' and `scripts' subdirectories.

`bin'
This directory contains client programs and the server You
should add the full pathname of this directory to your `PATH'
environment variable so that your shell finds the *MySQL*
programs properly.

`scripts'
This directory contains the `mysql_install_db' script used to
initialize the server access permissions.

5. If you would like to use `mysqlaccess' and have the *MySQL*
distribution in some nonstandard place, you must change the
location where `mysqlaccess' expects to find the `mysql' client.
Edit the `bin/mysqlaccess' script at approximately line 18. Search
for a line that looks like this:

$MYSQL = '/usr/local/bin/mysql'; # path to mysql executable

Change the path to reflect the location where `mysql' actually is
stored on your system. If you do not do this, you will get a
`broken pipe' error when you run `mysqlaccess'.

6. Create the *MySQL* grant tables (necessary only if you haven't
installed *MySQL* before):
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db

Note that *MySQL* versions older than 3.22.10 started the *MySQL*
server when you run `mysql_install_db'. This is no longer true!

7. If you want to install support for the Perl `DBI'/`DBD' interface,
see *Note Perl support::.

8. If you would like *MySQL* to start automatically when you boot your
machine, you can copy `support-files/mysql.server' to the location
where your system has its startup files. More information can be
found in the `support-files/mysql.server' script itself, and in
*Note Automatic start::.


After everything has been unpacked and installed, you should initialize
and test your distribution.

You can start the *MySQL* server with the following command:

shell> bin/safe_mysqld &

*Note Post-installation::.


Linux RPM notes
---------------

The recommended way to install *MySQL* on Linux is by using an RPM
file. The *MySQL* RPMs are currently being built on a RedHat 5.2 system
but should work on other versions of Linux that support `rpm' and use
`glibc'.

If you have problems with an RPM file, for example `Sorry, the host
'xxxx' could not be looked up', see *Note Binary notes-Linux::.

The RPM files you may want to use are:

* `MySQL-VERSION.i386.rpm'

The *MySQL* server. You will need this unless you only want to
connect to another *MySQL* server running on another machine.

* `MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm'

The standard *MySQL* client programs. You probably always want to
install this package.

* `MySQL-bench-VERSION.i386.rpm'

Tests and benchmarks. Requires Perl and msql-mysql-modules RPMs.

* `MySQL-devel-VERSION.i386.rpm'

Libraries and include files needed if you want to compile other
*MySQL* clients, such as the Perl modules.

* `MySQL-VERSION.src.rpm'

This contains the source code for all of the above packages. It
can also be used to try to build RPMs for other architectures (for
example, Alpha or SPARC).

To see all files in an RPM package:
shell> rpm -qpl MySQL-VERSION.i386.rpm

To perform a standard minimal installation, run this command:

shell> rpm -i MySQL-VERSION.i386.rpm MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm

To install just the client package:

shell> rpm -i MySQL-client-VERSION.i386.rpm

The RPM places data in `/var/lib/mysql'. The RPM also creates the
appropriate entries in `/sbin/rc.d/' to start the server automatically
at boot time. (This means that if you have performed a previous
installation, you may want to make a copy of your previously-installed
*MySQL* startup file if you made any changes to it, so you don't lose
your changes.)

After installing the RPM file(s), go to the binary install section and
use the instructions there, starting from the step that creates the
*MySQL* grant tables. *Note Installing binary::.


Building client programs
------------------------

If you compile *MySQL* clients that you've written yourself or that you
obtain from a third party, they must be linked using the
`-lmysqlclient' option on the link command. You may also need to
specify a `-L' option to tell the linker where to find the library. For
example, if the library is installed in `/usr/local/mysql/lib', use
`-L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient' on the link command.

For clients that use *MySQL* header files, you may need to specify a
`-I' option when you compile them (for example,
`-I/usr/local/mysql/include'), so the compiler can find the header
files.


System-specific issues
----------------------

* Menu:

* Binary notes-Linux:: Linux notes
* Binary notes-HP-UX:: HP-UX notes

The following sections indicate some of the issues that have been
observed to occur on particular systems when installing *MySQL* from a
binary distribution.


Linux notes
...........

*MySQL* needs at least Linux 2.0.

The binary release is linked with `-static', which means you not
normally need not worry about which version of the system libraries you
have. You need not install LinuxThreads, either. A program linked with
`-static' is slightly bigger than a dynamically-linked program but also
slightly faster (3-5%). One problem however is that you can't use user
definable functions (UDFs) with a statically-linked program. If you
are going to write or use UDF functions (this is something only for C
or C++ programmers) you must compile *MySQL* yourself, using dynamic
linking.

If you are using a `libc'-based system (instead of a `glibc2' system),
you will probably get some problems with hostname resolving and
getpwnam() with the binary release. (This is because `glibc'
unfortunately depends on some external libraries to resolve hostnames
and getwpent() , even when compiled with `-static'). In this case you
probably get the following error message when you run
`mysql_install_db':

Sorry, the host 'xxxx' could not be looked up

or the following error when you try to run mysqld with the `--user'
option:

getpwnam: No such file or directory

You can solve this problem one of the following ways:

* Get a *MySQL* source distribution (an RPM or the `tar'
distribution) and install this instead.

* Execute `mysql_install_db --force'; This will not execute the
`resolveip' test in `mysql_install_db'. The downside is that you
can't use host names in the grant tables; you must use IP numbers
instead (except for `localhost'). If you are using an old *MySQL*
release that doesn't support `--force' you have to remove the
`resolveip' test in `mysql_install' with an editor.

* Start mysqld with `su' instead of using `--user'.

The Linux-Intel binary and RPM releases of *MySQL* are configured for
the highest possible speed. We are always trying to use the fastest
stable compiler available.

*MySQL* Perl support requires Perl 5.004_03 or newer.


HP-UX notes
...........

The binary distribution of *MySQL* for HP-UX is distributed as an HP
depot file and as a tar file. To use the depot file you must be
running at least HP-UX 10.x to have access to HP's software depot tools.

The HP version of *MySQL* was compiled on an HP 9000/8xx server under
HP-UX 10.20, and uses MIT-pthreads. It is known to work well under this
configuration. *MySQL* 3.22.26 and newer can also be built with HP's
native thread package.

Other configurations that may work:

* HP 9000/7xx running HP-UX 10.20+

* HP 9000/8xx running HP-UX 10.30

The following configurations almost definitely won't work:

* HP 9000/7xx or 8xx running HP-UX 10.x where x < 2

* HP 9000/7xx or 8xx running HP-UX 9.x

To install the distribution, use one of the commands below, where
`/path/to/depot' is the full pathname of the depot file:

* To install everything, including the server, client and
development tools:

shell> /usr/sbin/swinstall -s /path/to/depot mysql.full

* To install only the server:

shell> /usr/sbin/swinstall -s /path/to/depot mysql.server

* To install only the client package:

shell> /usr/sbin/swinstall -s /path/to/depot mysql.client

* To install only the development tools:

shell> /usr/sbin/swinstall -s /path/to/depot mysql.developer

The depot places binaries and libraries in `/opt/mysql' and data in
`/var/opt/mysql'. The depot also creates the appropriate entries in
`/sbin/init.d' and `/sbin/rc2.d' to start the server automatically at
boot time. Obviously, this entails being `root' to install.

To install the HP-UX tar distribution, you must have a copy of GNU
`tar'.