Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/mirrors/1999_6b.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Tue Jan 13 16:49:53 2009 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 00:06:43 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: koi8-r

TRANSITION FROM QUANTUM TO CLASSICAL MECHANICS
V. G. BAGROV The role of the semiclassical approximation in course of foundation and development of quantum mechanics as well as some ideas underlying the semiclassical are explained. Éððìàëñ ñ ñíê ì,àêìíððê~áðìñ,,ñ ò ê·íêéáëêfl , êðçñ êê ðçëñ,íáëêfl ê à,êçêfl ì,ëçñ,ñõ îáiëêìê ê ñ ëáìñçñ °i êáfli, íáéêi , ñðëñ,á ì,àêìíððê~áðìñ,,ñ îáçñ.


ã. è. åäèÉÈã
Ìñîðìêõ ,,ñðø ðç,áëë°õ øëê,á ðêçáç

ÞÊÌÈÉÞÑæÊÄÞæ ÀäÅæÑäÃÞÝ

. , 18 1899 . , , , , - , . 19 1900 . , . 14 1900 . , , (). E : E = , (1) ­ . (18 1889 ) 1. , , . , . . , , , -, . . , . . 1905 , ()2,
. ­ , = 2. (1) . E = h, h = 2 . (1) . 2 . , (1), () . . . ­ . . .
1

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, ­, . . 1906 . , 1912 . , . . , 1913 . , . ­ . . , . -, , ( ), S 1 1 S = 2 n + -- , 2 n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...; (2)

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-, , E1 - E2 ( ) E1 - E2 = . (3)

, . , . , , . . 1914­1921 . 1921­1926 (. , . , . ). . , . , - . , , , , .
1 . (2) S = 2 n. , . (2).

- ( , - ), , , . , ­ . . (). () ­ . - , . , , () , , - , ; - , , , ; , . - , - , . , , , . , , ­ , , . . , , , , . , , ( ). , , , . : , ( ), .

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, . 1926 . , ( ). , . , - . . , . . ­ . (). , , . - , , , , . . 1926 , .
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. , , . 1 ( ) . , 0 , ( ) , " " (, ). , ­ ( = = 0) . . , = 0 ( ) . , . (. , . , . , 1926 ) ­ . , . , . . , , , . , , , , , . ­ "", " ", " ", "".
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( .. ), . , - ( , ) .. . . . : . , , , . , 0) ( . ? , . - , 0 , . , - . , , 0 . , , , . . , . x x = x(t). ? . x x . x , , , , 0 x = x (t, ). ( ) x = x (t), , -, x(t) = x (t). , ­ . -. x(t) ( ). 0 - . ? , . , -

, , . , , () , . , . (1927 ). . , . , ( ). . , , . , , ( ), . . 60- , , , , , ( ). , , . (.. , .. , 1969 ), (.. , .. , .. , 1982 ) .. ( ). , () , , . , .

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. ( ) , . A . , , x p, A = A(x, p) (4) x p. x = x + x, x = x ­ x, p = p + p, p = p ­ p, (5)

x, p ­ . , x x ( t ), p p ( t ) , x(t), p(t) ­ , x p - (, ). A = A ( x, p ) = A ( x + x, p + p ) (6) x, p ( x, p) . x, p , , , A x, p ( ) x, p ( ). x, p . , ( ). , x, p : x , p . (7)

( ). , ( ) . . (2)1. , , A, x ( ). x = 0 . x t x(t) = A sin , = t + . (8) (t) p(t) m dx ( t ) ( t ) = ------------ = A cos , dt p ( t ) = m ( t ) = m A cos . (9)

E E1(t) E2(t): m (t ) p (t ) E 1 ( t ) = ---------------- = ----------- , 2 2m
2 2

m x (t ) E 2 ( t ) = ---------------------- , 2
22 22

2 p (t ) m x (t ) E = E 1 ( t ) + E 2 ( t ) = ----------- + ---------------------- . 2 2m

(10)

(10) (8) (9), m A E = ---------------- , 2
2 2

(11)

, - n, 2n, (, ). . : , ( )

( ) A E. (2) 12 S = p d x = p dt = --- p dt , m

°

°

°

(12)

( T = = 2 / ). (12) (9) (11),
1 . . .

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T

2 2 2

S = m A cos dt = m A
2 2 0




0

ÖÞÌæÉäÌËÉä

cos d =
2

(13)

1. . . .: , 1985. 2. ­ . . .: , 1990. 3. .. XX . .: , 1986.

2E 2 = m A = --------- . (13) (2) 1 E = n + -- . 2 (14)

4. . // . .: , 1975. 5. . . .: , 1971. . 2. 6. .. ( , , ) // . 1996. 7. . 81­88. 7. . . .: , 1965. . 134­148, 170­188. 8. .. . .: , 1987. (. ""; 3). 9. .. . .: , 1989. (- ""; . 75). 10. .. . .: , 1989.

, - ( ) . ( ) , . : , ( ) , , . , - , , , . [6], , .

*** , , -, , . . ­ , , , . 350 , .

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