Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/mirrors/1999_5.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Thu Dec 13 17:46:13 2012 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Sun Feb 3 03:22:56 2013 Êîäèðîâêà: Windows-1251

RADIATION ACOUSTICS
L. M. LYAMSHEV Radiation acoustics is a scientific branch developing at the junction of acoustics, nuclear physics and high energy and elementary particle physics. It based on the studies of radiation-acoustic effects. These effects are the results of penetrating radiation (particle beams or single particles) action on a substance. Thermoradiation excitation of sound in condensed matter and its applications are discussed. êË^ËÓÌÌfl ÍÛÒÚËÍ - ÌÛ~ÌÓ ÌÔ ,ÎÂÌËÂ, Á,Ë,ÂÂÒfl Ì Òڜ͠ÍÛÒÚËÍË, fl ÌÓÈ ÙËÁËÍË, ÙËÁËÍË ,œÒÓÍËi Ì ,,ËÈ Ë ÎÂÏÂÌÚ Ìœi ~ÒÚË^. Ö ÓÒÌÓ,Û ÒÓÒÚ,ÎflÚ ËÒÒÎÂÓ,ÌËfl Ë Ô ËÏÂÌÂÌËfl Ë^ËÓÌÌÓ-ÍÛÒÚË~ÂÒÍËi ÙÙÂÍÚÓ,, ,ÓÁÌËÍËi Ô Ë ÂÈÒÚ,ËË Ô ÓÌËÍÂ,,Ó ËÁÎÛ~ÂÌËfl - ÔÛ~ÍÓ, ~ÒÚË^ (Ô ÓÚÓÌÓ,, ÎÂÍÚ ÓÌÓ,, ÙÓÚÓÌÓ, Ë .) Ë ÓÚÂÎåÌœi ~ÒÚË^ Ì ,ÂÂÒÚ,Ó. è Ë,ÓflÚÒfl Ò,ÂÂÌËfl Ó Ú ÏÓ Ë^ËÓÌÌÓÈ ,,ÂÌ ^ËË Á,ÛÍ , ÍÓÌÂÌÒË Ó,ÌÌÓÈ Ò ÂÂ Ë Ó Ô ËÏÂÌÂÌËfli ÚÓ,,Ó ÙÙÂÍÚ.


ã. å. ãüåòÖÇ
åÓÒÍÓ,ÒÍËÈ ÙËÁËÍÓ-ÚÂiÌË~ÂÒÍËÈ ËÌÒÚËÚÛÚ, ÑÓÎ,,ÓÔ ÛÌœÈ åÓÒÍÓ,ÒÍÓÈ ÓžÎ.

ÇÇÖÑÖçàÖ

98

¿ ãflÏ?Â, ã.å., 1999

- , , . - , () . - (, .) , , . (, ). . (), . , , , . . - , . . , , . () . . . . , ( ), ( ). , ,

ëéêéëéÇëäàâ éÅêÄáéÇÄíÖãúçõâ ÜìêçÄã, <5, 1999


. : , , ., . () . . . , - ( - ) (- ) ( ).
éí éèíàäé-ÄäìëíàóÖëäéÉé ùîîÖäíÄ ä êÄÑàÄñàéççéâ ÄäìëíàäÖ

() , . . [3] 1957 . 1963 . [4] . 70-80- . . - , , .
ÇéáÅìÜÑÖçàÖ åéçéïêéåÄíàóÖëäéÉé áÇìäÄ

- . . , () , . , , , , , , . - . - - () , , ( ) () [1]. - , , - . - 50-60- . 1955 , , . . [2]

, , . . ( ), , I(x) = = I0 exp (-÷x), ÷ - . 1/ ÷ . . , . . . a ( ), I(t) = I0 (1 + m cos t), m - - , . , , , (. 1). , ( ) p, ,

ãüåòÖÇ ã.å. êÄÑàÄñàéççÄü ÄäìëíàäÄ

99


1 3 2

(. 1, ). , . . , , .


4





. 1. - : 1 - , 2 - ()-, 3 - , 4 - ; - - ( ) , - , , -

, . , , , , . , () . , , . . 2 ( ) [5]. . 20 . 10 . , , . . 2, L P (L = 20 lg (P / P0), P0 - , ) W0 , . 2, - . , .
L, 115 -5 L, 0

W . , , a-1 (÷)-1. a-1 1 (÷)-1 1, , , () . (. 1, -). , - . , . - , . , . 1 (÷)-1 1 a-1 , (. 1, ). a-1 1 (÷)-1 1, , . -

110

105

-10

100 0,8 1,2 2,0 W0, 4,0

-15 70œ 90œ 110œ

. 2. - (-) -

100

ëéêéëéÇëäàâ éÅêÄáéÇÄíÖãúçõâ ÜìêçÄã, <5, 1999


, .
1

2

ÇéáÅìÜÑÖçàÖ áÇìäÄ êÄÑàÄñàéççõåà àåèìãúëÄåà

. . , . - , a - ( ), a, ÷ - , ÷-1. - / a / ÷ . ( a , ÷) . P , . ( ) f "(t). , f (t) t. ( a , ÷) , . , f (t). , . . , , . 3 , , (. 3, ) (. 3, ). , . . 4 -



p, . . 1,0 0,5 -0,05 -1,0 -2,0 -3,0 -4,0 2 0,05 1 ~ 0,15

-0,15

. 3. - , , - , . 1 - 2 -

, , . 1015-1020 . , . . 5 , 70 , -
p,

10 10 10 10 10 10

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

1 2 3 4
15

10

10

16

10

17

1018 E,

10

19

10

20

. 4. ( ) (1, 2 ), (3 ) (4 )

ãüåòÖÇ ã.å. êÄÑàÄñàéççÄü ÄäìëíàäÄ

101


p, . .

10- 7-10- 6 . - . , , , . , , , . . , .
10 20 30 h,

2

1

0

. 5. , , h

. - . , , .
ÉÖçÖêÄñàü áÇìäÄ éÑàçéóçõåà óÄëíàñÄåà

. , , , . , . . . -. - , , . . , ( ). , . , ,

. (, 1015 ) - (), , : , . , 1015 : ÷-1 = 4 a = 2 . . 100 10- 4 . . ( ). , , , , .
çÖäéíéêõÖ èêàãéÜÖçàü êÄÑàÄñàéççéâ Ääìëíàäà

( , - ), , ( - , - ), - - . . , -

102

ëéêéëéÇëäàâ éÅêÄáéÇÄíÖãúçõâ ÜìêçÄã, <5, 1999


. , , , , , .
êÒÚ Ó,fl Ë^ËÓÌÌÓ-ÍÛÒÚË~ÂÒÍfl ÏËÍ ÓÒÍÓÔËfl

, 100 ). - ( ). -, - .
ÄÍÛÒÚË~ÂÒÍÓ ÂÚÂÍÚË Ó,ÌË ~ÒÚË^ Ò, i,œÒÓÍËi Ì ,,ËÈ , ÍÓÒÏË~ÂÒÍËi ÎÛ~i. è ÓÂÍÚ DUMAND

, , , . , , . , , . - (PPAM). PPAM , . , , . . ( ) - . : , . - . - , , . . . , , ( -

1012 . , . . E > 1012 , , , - . . - . .. () 1960 . DUMAND (Deep Underwater Muon And Neutrino Detection). , 5 . . () . . , . () . () (E > 1017 ) . . - , (), ( ) . ( ). . - , -, ,

ãüåòÖÇ ã.å. êÄÑàÄñàéççÄü ÄäìëíàäÄ

103


. , () , .
çÂÈÚ ËÌÓ Îfl ,,ÂÓÍÛÒÚËÍË. è ÓÂÍÚ GENIUS

, . GENIUS (Geological Exploration Neutrino Induced Underwater Sound) . , , . , . , , () 10 T = 1013 L = 1000 10 , 20 10- 5 90 100 . - . .
áÄäãûóÖçàÖ

. , . , , , [6]. , , , - .
ãàíÖêÄíìêÄ
1. Bell A.G. Upon the Production of Sound by Radiant Energy // Philos. Mag. 1981. Vol. 11, 71. P. 510-528. 2. Glaser D.A., Rahm D.C. Characteristics of Bubble Chambers // Phys. Rev. 1955. Vol. 97, 2. P. 474-479. 3. .. // . . 1957. . 3, 8. . 152-153. 4. White R.M. Generation of Elastic Wave by Transient Surface Heating // J. Appl. Phys. 1963. Vol. 34, 12. P. 3559-3567. 5. .. . .: - , 1996. 304 . 6. // . . 1988. . 155, 4. . 559-679.

*** , , - , . . .. , , . - , , . , 20 300 .

, , , . - - , -

104

ëéêéëéÇëäàâ éÅêÄáéÇÄíÖãúçõâ ÜìêçÄã, <5, 1999