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HIGH-CURRENT RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAMS. Part 1. Physics of electron beams
E. A. LITVINOV The basic physical phenomena of high-current relativistic electron beams are considered. The phenomena of the field emission and of the explosive electron emission are described. The self-consistent nature of the high current electron emission is shown as well as the current transfer by the charged particles across a vacuum interelectode space. The basic systems for forming of the beams are analysed. êÒÒÏÓÚ ÂÌœ ÓÒÌÓ,̜ ÙËÁË~ÂÒÍË fl,ÎÂÌËfl, ÔÓÁ,ÓÎflË ÔÓÎÛ~Úå ÒËÎåÌÓÚÓ~̜ ÂÎflÚË,ËÒÚÒÍË ÎÂÍÚ ÓÌ̜ ÔÛ~ÍË. éÔËÒÌœ fl,ÎÂÌËfl ,ÚÓÎÂÍÚ ÓÌÌÓÈ Ë ,Á œ,ÌÓÈ ÎÂÍÚ ÓÌÌÓÈ ÏËÒÒËË. èÓÍÁÌ ÒÏÓÒÓ,,ÎÒÓ,ÌÌœÈ i ÍÚ ÒËÎåÌÓÚÓ~ÌÓÈ ÎÂÍÚ ÓÌÌÓÈ ÏËÒÒËË Ë Ô ÂÌÓÒ ÚÓÍ Á flÊÂÌÌœÏË ~ÒÚË^ÏË ~ ÂÁ ,ÍÛÛÏÌœÈ ÏÂÊÎÂÍÚ ÓÌœÈ Ô ÓÏÂÊÛÚÓÍ. è ÓÌÎËÁË Ó,Ìœ ÓÒÌÓ,̜ ÒËÒÚÂÏœ, ËÒÔÓÎåÁÛÂϜ Îfl ÙÓ ÏË Ó,ÌËfl ÔÛ~ÍÓ,.

1.
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W

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101


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.. ( .. ), 60-70- , . . . . e W = --- , a
2

(3)

e - , - . a=n
-1/3

,

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-1/3

.

(5)

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102

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. 1 ( ) , , . 2 , . . 2 , , (). . 3 , . U. x. . x. . e(U - U.) , .
U U


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2

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. , , , , , .. . , . , . , - , , - , .

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103


, : x(t )= t. (15)

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1/2

(U - U) ----------------------------- . 2 ( x - t )

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(16)

(16) , , . . 4 . , ( ) , . . , . . , . (10), (11) 2e j = a ----- m

1/2

E ----------------------------- . 1/2 (U - U)


2

(17)

(17) , ( ). , ( ). . (). . 5. , - . . . , , , . , , , , . . r , . . . . , . - , . . i U ( ) (6), : U - U 1 i --------------------- = -- ---------------------------------------------------- , 2 1/2 ( r - r ) a 2 r h ( 2 ( e / m ) U ) (18)



h - . (18) , r - r r h r . (18) i (U - U)(U)1/2.
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105