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Evolution of Burkholderia spp. E.V. Lopatina
Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, build.1, Moscow 127051 Russia, elena.v.lopatina@gmail.com

M.D. Kazanov
Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, build.1, Moscow 127051 Russia, mkazanov@gmail.com

The genus Burkholderia consists of species that occupy remarkably diverse eco logical niches. Mostly it is known by serious pathogens, B.mallei and B.pseudomallei which cause glanders and melio idosis, respect ively [1], but genus Burkholderia includes also species invo lved in biodegradat ion of pollutants [2], plant-beneficial endophyte [3] and other. The geno mes of these bacteria consist of several chromoso mes, two [4] or three [5], and one of our aims is to reconstruct the history of translocat ions of genes between chro mosomes. We selected twenty eight Burkholderia strains (all available co mplete geno mes. The pangeno me analysis demo nstrated that the number of universal genes presented in all strains saturated at about 1,400 (Fig.1). The pan-geno me did not showe signs of saturation (Fig.2a), however, it saturated when singleton genes were remo ved (Fig.2b).

Figure 1. Core-genome size of 28 Burkholderia strains.


a

b

Figure 2. a) Pan-genome size of 28 Burkholderia strains. b) Pan-genome size of 28 Burkholderia strains without unique genes.

Then we built the phylogenet ic tree using concatenated aligned amino acid sequences of proteins encoded by universal genes. This tree was used in the reconstruction of translocations between chro mosomes for universal single-copy genes (Fig.3). We observed parallel translocations in strains belo nging to different branches, for example in B.rhizoxinica HKI 454 and B.phymatum STM815. Reconstruction of gene gain/loss events (Fig.4) demonstrated numerous unique genes that gained by each strain. This may explain the diversit y seen in genus Burkholderia.

Figure 3. Reconstruction of translocations between chromosomes.


Figure 4. Reconstruction of gene gain (red) and loss (blue) events.

This is jo int work with Mikhail Gelfand.

1. Calderon Howe, Angus Sampath and Murray Spotnitz (1971) The Pseudomallei Group: A review, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 124:598­606. 2. Johan Goris, Paul De Vos, Jesus Caballero -Mellado, Joonhong Park, Enevo ld Falsen, John F. Quensen III, James M. Tiedje and Peter Vandamme (2004) Classificat ion of the biphenyland po lychlorinated biphenyl-degrading strain LB400 and relat ives as Burkholderia xenovorans sp. nov., International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionar Microbiology, 54:1677-1681.


3. Marcos I. Frommel, Jerzy Nowak and George Lazarovits (1991) Growth Enhancement and Developmental Mo dificat ions o f in Vitro Grown Potato (Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum) as Affected by a Nonfluorescent Pseudomonas sp. , Plant Physiology, 96:928-936. 4. Sirirurg Songsivilai, Tararaj Dharakul (2000) Mult iple replicons constitute the 6.5megabase geno me of Burkholderia pseudomallei, Acta Tropica, 74:169-179. 5. Philip D. Rodley, Ute Romling and Burkhard Tummler (1995) A physical geno me map of Burkholderia cepacia type strain, Molecular Microbiology, 17:57-67.