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Russian Entomol. J. 10 (4): 417424

ї RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2001

Afrotropical Psilidae (Diptera). 1. Genera Belobackenbardia gen.n. and Psila Meigen, 1803 Афротропические двукрылые семейства Psilidae (Diptera). 1. Роды Belobackenbardia gen.n. и Psila Meigen, 1803 A.I. Shatalkin А.И. Шаталкин
Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya str.6, Moscow 103009 Russia. Зоологический музей МГУ, ул. Большая Никитская 6, Москва 103009 Россия.

KEY WORDS: Psilidae, systematics, new species, Afrotropical Region. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Psilidae, систематика, новые виды, Афротропическая область. ABSTRACT: New genus Belobackenbardia gen.n. with three new species: B. cornicula, B. munroi and B. stuckenbergiorum spp.n. are described. The genus is represented by three Afrotropical species. Belobackenbardia represents the earliest diverging lineage in evolutionary history of Psilidae. On these grounds new subfamily Belobackenbardiinae subfam.n. was established. The genus Psila Meigen, 1803 contains four afrotropical species including P. freidbergi sp.n. New subgenus Afropsila subgen.n. with a single speciesPsila (Afropsila) dimorpha Verbeke, 1956 is described. РЕЗЮМЕ: В работе описаны новый род Belobackenbardia gen.n. с тремя видами: B. cornicula, B. munroi и B. stuckenbergiorum spp.n. Belobackenbardia представляет самую раннюю дивергенцию в эволюционной истории семейства Psilidae. На этом основании выделено новое подсемейство Belobackenbardiinae subfam.n. Род Psila Meigen, 1803 представлен четыремя видами в афротропической области, включая один новый для науки P. freidbergi sp.n. Описан новый подрод Afropsila subgen.n. с единственным видом Psila (Afropsila) dimorpha Verbeke, 1956. The basic contribution in fauna of Afrotropical Psilidae was that of Verbeke [1952, 1956, 1963, 1968]. Before his works there were recorded five species of Loxocera Meigen, 1803 and one species of Chyliza Fallйn, 1820 (see Cogan [1980]). In addition one species Chyliza monika omitted in the list of the Afrotropical species [Cogan, 1980] has been described by Lindner [1956; we consider a single known female of this species to be Ch. latifrons Verbeke, 1952 or Ch. hackarsi Verbeke, 1952]. Verbeke described 40 species in all including two species of Psila Meigen, 1803, 11 species of Loxocera not counting two synonymized by him [1963], genus with a single species Loxocerosoma psiloides Verbeke, 1968 (this work was also omitted in the Afrotropical Catalogue) and 27 species of Chyliza.
The present work is based on material received from the following institutions: Entomological Collection, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel; Natal Museum (NMSA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; California Academy of Science (CAS), San Francisco, USA; United States National Museum (USNM), Washington, DC, USA;

Genus Belobackenbardia Shatalkin gen.n. Figs 12, 6.
Type species:Belobackenbardia corniculaShatalkin sp.n. DESCRIPTION. Body yellow basically. Head (Fig. 12) not triangular in profile and reminds more that of Chyliza than Psila: face yellow, nearly perpendicular, not retreating. Frontofacial transition arched. Width of frons about 2.22.4 times less than width of head. Eye oval, with sloping concave hind margin. Gena very low, more than 5.05.5 times less than height of eye. There is well developed brush of white short hairs extending in form narrow stripe along concave part of hind margin of eye (Fig. 2). Unlike Chyliza this brush not placed close to eye margin but on some distance from latter. Parafacials surveyed from above silverly pruinose as in Chyliza. Occiput in lateral view more or less straight (not convex). 3rd antennal segment short, about 2.02.3 times as long as its width. Arista black, thickened in the base, with long black hairs; width of its feathering equal to width of 3rd antennal segment. Thorax yellow or with black mesonotal stripe. Anteropronotum moderately developed; postcoxal bridge undeveloped. Mesopleuron in lower part with bunch of white hairs. Wing (Fig. 1) with anal lobe undeveloped; alula narrow with convex margin; anal cell narrow parallel-sided and long, about 8 times as long as its width; 2nd basal cell noticeably shorter than anal cell in basal part of wing; discoidal cell moderately long; R2+3 slightly curving forwards and arching before tip; last section of M3+4 in basal part strongly curving forwards. Section of M1+2 between r-m and dm-cu about 1.6 times more than previous one and equal to ultimate one. Coxae with black bristles on margin. Sternopleuron before coxa with 12 black bristles. Hind femur without apical densely pilose pad on its lower side. Abdomen (in male) about 1.21.3 as long as thorax. Genitalia (Fig. 37) show peculiarity; basally epandrium has a pair of broad appendages (with


418

A.I. Shatalkin
with ovipositor sclerotized. 2 vt, pvt absent, or present or absent; 1 npl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 dc, scutellum with a pair of large marginal bristles, and with a pair of short hairlike bristles above marginal ones; pteropleuron without hairs. Dr. Brian R. Stuckenberg kindly informed me about biotope localities of new genus. It distributed in a mountain range with indigenous Podocarpus forest where occurs on low undergrowth or possibly on low vegetation often along the sides of a small streams. DIAGNOSIS. The most marked character supporting this new genus includes the presence of genal brush of white hairs. These hairs can be homologized with an analogous brush of more shorter white hairs in Chyliza. The distinctions concern the position of brush on head. In Chyliza it is placed right on the eye margin, in Belobackenbardia a little way off. In these two genera this condition is coupled with another character of the presence of silver parafacials. All remaining psilid taxa do not show these two conditions. The genal brush occurs also in two allied species of Loxocera, European L. aristata (Panzer, 1801) and L. glandicula Iwasa, 1993 from Nepal and Kashmir, but the second condition of silver parafacials is not present in this group. D. McAlpine [1997] concluded that the presence of dense minute parafacial macrotrichia must be considered as a groundplan condition of Diopsoinea (Diopsidae + Syringogastridae). Both families are also characterized by the presence of genal brush. I consider these two conditions to be synapomorphic for Diopsoidea s.l. (including Megamerinidae, Strongylophthalmyiidae, Tanypezidae and except possibly Gobriidae). Although Belobackenbardia is similar to Chyliza in mentioned two characters, there are the important differences between these genera. Chyliza is distinguished in having anal cell shorter than 2nd basal, and also by the presence of well developed postcoxal bridge, enlarged (callus-like) anatergal area of laterotergite and in possessing 3 (or 2 by way of exception) pairs of scutellar bristles. The genitalia of Belobackenbardia are rather unique among Psilidae. Epandrium is very massive and this condition is reminiscent of that of neither Chyliza nor genera of Psilinae. Epandrial organization of Chyliza most closely resembles that of Loxocera s.l. and Psila s.l. Equally hypandrium and aedeagus show unusual for psilids morphology. At last, is unique among Schizophora in possessing upcurved aedeagus. From all this one can concludes first, that Belobackenbardia (equally with Chyliza) is a plesiomorphic member of Psilidae, second that this genus must have arisen in earliest stages of the evolution of the family, at least before dividing into Loxocera s.l. and Psila s.l. TAXONOMIC REMARKS. Belobackenbardia is a difficult genus to attempt to find its place among psilids. At first because is so like with Psila s.l. in general appearance I considered it to be modified Psila fly. More detailed analysis of characters made me change this opinion. The family Psilidae was seen up to now as containing two subfamilies: Chylizinae and Psilinae. The second comprises Loxocera s.l. and Psila s.l., diagnosed externally by of head triangular in profile with face retreating and parafacials without silverly pruinose. These two derived characters can be supplemented with plesiomorphic condition of lacking postcoxal bridge. As so defined Psilinae does evidently not include Belobackenbardia. The subfamily: Chylizinae is known to contain a single genus Chyliza. Its most obvious synapomorphies (postcoxal bridge, enlarged anatergal area, shortened anal cell) have already been mentioned. There are no synapomorphies showing the monophyly of {Belobacken-

Fig. 1. Belobackenbardia cornicula Shatalkin sp.n., , lateral view. Рис. 1. Belobackenbardia cornicula Shatalkin sp.n., , сбоку.

the excepting of B. stuckenbergiorum sp.n.); surstyle of another type as compared with that of Chyliza, it is a continuation of dorsal line of epandrium and fused with the latter (plesiomorphic condition), and bilobate apically. Bacilliform sclerite is divided on two sclerites (externally these sclerites bear a great resemblance to gonopods). Hypandrium with a pair of lateral processes (gonopods?) having additional lobe medially; parameres well developed. Aedeagus sabre-shaped, upcurved; aedeagal apodeme is not found. Female abdomen

Fig. 2. Belobackenbardia cornicula, head. Рис. 2. Belobackenbardia cornicula, голова.


Afrotropical Psilidae (Diptera). 1. Genera Belobackenbardia gen.n. and Psila Meigen, 1803
bardia + Chyliza}. All characters connecting these two genera are plesiomorphic. Thus, external morphology gives no evidence to support a closer phylogenetic relationship Belobackenbardia with Chyliza than with Loxocera or Psila. What light does genital structure throw on phylogenetic position of Belobackenbardia? Unlike Belobackenbardia and Chyliza a special feature of genitalia of Psilinae, the lack of surstyli must be noted. However some significant similarities outweighing distinctions exit with respect to overall structure and configuration of genitalia of Chylizinae and Psilinae. Epandrium of Chyliza forms a simple structure at least superfically similar to that of Psilinae. Hypandrium and aedeagal apodeme are also similar. And what is more there are weighty reasons to believe the genital structure of Psilinae to be derived from that of Chyliza, i.e. that this subfamily has derived from Chyliza-like ancestor. Unlike Palaearctic species some Oriental Chyliza (cylindrica group) lack surstyli but possesses parameres showing the type of genitalia no differing from that of some Loxocera [Shatalkin, 1998a]. One can suppose that genus Belobackenbardia lies somewhat apart from the rest Psilidae. With phylogenetic point of view this suggests a derivation of Belobackenbardia closer to the base of Psilidae, in other words that first divergence within family was a bifurcation that produced Belobackenbardia and remaining psilids. In that way the Belobackenbardia divergence is followed by that of Chyliza, and then by the branchings of Loxocera s.l. and lineadge leading to Psila s.l. In accordance with this the most plausible decision with regard to taxonomic position of Belobackenbardia is to assign the genus to separate subfamily Belobackenbardiinae.

419

Belobackenbardia cornicula Shatalkin, sp.n. Figs 15, 8.
MATERIAL. Holotype: , S.Africa, Mariepscop, TVL 2430 DB, 8.IV. 1964 (E.H.). Paratypes: 4 , 4 , same locality as holotype, 8.IV. 1964 (E.H.); 1 N.Transvaal, Entabeni Forest Station Zoutpansberg Range, I. 1975 (Stuckenberg); 1 , Albany, 26.VII.1953 (Myers); 1 , Cape Prov., Hogsback, Forest and forest margin, 1316.XII. 1985 (Londt); 1 , Alexanoria Distr., Doornkloof Forest Reserve, 11.XII. 1967 (B&P. Stuckenberg); Cape Prov., Grahamstown, 6.I. 1980 (Brothers).

Subfamily Belobackenbardiinae subfam.n.
DIAGNOSIS. It coincides with that for genus. The subfamily Belobackenbardiinae contains one genus Belobackenbardia with 3 species confined to the South Africa. All of them are new and are described below. TAXONOMIC REMARKS. Upcurved aedeagus puts this subfamily in a peculiar position. On its structure aedeagus of this type corresponds to plesiomorphic (groundplan) condition for Cyclorrhapha and up to now was known only among Aschiza, in particular, in Platypezinae (Platypezidae), Chalarinae (Pipunculidae), and three primitive syrphid genera Spheginobaccha de Meijere, 1908, Nausigaster Williston, 1884 and Microdon Meigen, 1803 [Shatalkin, 1995, 1998b]. In mentioned three families (Platypezidae, Pipunculidae and Syrphidae) the cyclorrhaphous aedeagus have arisen independently. Now it is found that in Schizophora the origin of cyclorrhaphous aedeagus has also occured more than once.Taking into account the primitiveness of upcurved aedeagus, Belobackenbardiinae should be considered as a group that most closely approaches the ancestral Schizophora. As a whole, however, family Psilidae is sufficiently derived. It follows from this that upcurved aedeagus was also peculiar to primitive families of Schizophora and that it was widespread in the past, since we do not see it in the present. One gathers the impression that in historical aspect cyclorrhaphan families have two-layered structure. In the past species with primitive orthorrhaphous genitalia existed, in due course they were supplanted by species with cyclorrhaphous genitalia. In Aschiza species with upcurved aedeagus are sufficiently numerous, in Schizophora they either disapeared or is rare and, judging by Belobackenbardia, must have relic distribution.

Dr. B.R. Stuckenberg kindly informed me that the Mariepskop locality is represented a small strip of forest bordering a mountain stream near its source on a steep escarpment; the specimens probably came from herbage in shade under the forest trees. The Doornkloof Forest Reserve locality represents an interesting natural forest growing in a sandy site close to the sea, in an area where the rainfall is unusually high. DESCRIPTION. MALE. Head yellow. Frontal triangle not reaching fore margin of frons, it black excepting for its fore extremity. Ocellar triangle also black. Occiput behind ocellar triangle with black spot. Antennae yellow; 3rd segment with dark spot around arista as in European Psila fimetaria (Linnaeus, 1761); it straight on upper margin and convex in apical lower part, about 2 times as long as its width. Arista dark brown thickened in base, with long rather thick hairs; width of its feathering equal to width of 3rd antennal segment. Palpi yellow. Thorax yellow; mesonotum with black median stripe narrow anteriorly and in width of distance between dc posteriorly; scutellum with a similar stripe broad in the base and in width of distance between marginal bristles apically; metanotum dark brown; there are group of black hairs under hind spiracle. Legs yellow; hind tibia and tarsi brownish. Middle tibia with 1 spur. Wing transparent. Halteres yellow. Abdomen yellow; dorsal side all tergites broadly dark brown; lateral margins of abdominal tergites arched. Genitalia Fig. 35: basal appendages of epandrium massive; surstyle bilobate apically with short lobes; basally surstyle with dorsally oriented narrow conic appendage. Chaetotaxy. 2 vt, pvt and or absent, 1 npl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 dc, scutellum with 2 large marginal bristles andwith a pair of hairlike ones above. All bristles black. Body length 5.4 mm; wing length 5.0 mm. FEMALE very similar to male.Lateral margins of abdominal tergites straight. Ovipositor with sclerotized tergite and sternite VIII (Fig. 8). DIAGNOSIS. This species may be confused with B. munroi sp.n., described below.

Belobackenbardia munroi Shatalkin sp.n. Figs 67.
MATERIAL. Holotype: , S.Africa, East London, 3.VIII. 1924 (Munro). Paratypes: 1 , 1 , same locality as holotype, 34.VIII. 1924 (Munro); 1 , East London, 24.V. 1922 (H.K. Munro).

DESCRIPTION. MALE. Head yellow. Frontal triangle not reaching fore margin of frons, it black excepting for its fore extremity. Ocellar triangle also black. Occiput behind ocellar triangle with black spot. Antennae yellow; 3rd segment with undeveloped spot around arista; it straight on upper margin and convex in apical lower part, about 2 times as long as its width. Arista dark brown thickened in base, with long rather thick hairs; width of its feathering equal to width of 3rd antennal segment. Palpi yellow. Thorax yellow; mesonotum with black median stripe narrow anteriorly and in width of


420 I

A.I. Shatalkin = C F

AF

5

3
I

4

6

7

8

Figs 38. Male terminalia of Belobackenbardia cornicula (35) and B. munroi (67), and ovipositor of B. cornicula (8); dorsal view (3, 6), lateral view (4, 7), hypandrium, ventral (8). The following abbreviations are used: a aedeagus; ep epandrium; g gonopod; p paramere; s surstyle. Рис. 38. Гениталии самцов Belobackenbardia cornicula (35), B. munroi (67), и яйцеклад B. cornicula (8); дорсальный вид (3, 6), вид сбоку (4, 7), гипандрий, вентральный вид (8). Использованы следующие сокращения: a эдеагус; ep эпандрий; g гонопода; p парамера; s сурстиль.


Afrotropical Psilidae (Diptera). 1. Genera Belobackenbardia gen.n. and Psila Meigen, 1803
distance between dc posteriorly; scutellum with a similar stripe broad in the base and in width of distance between marginal bristles apically; metanotum dark brown; there are group of black hairs under hind spiracle. Legs yellow; hind tibia and tarsi brownish. Middle tibia with 1 spur. Wing transparent. Halteres yellow. Abdomen yellow; dorsal side all tergites broadly dark brown; lateral margins of abdominal tergites arched. Genitalia Fig. 67: basal appendages of epandrium is not quite so large as in B. cornicula sp.n.; surstylar apical lobes longer than in B. cornicula sp.n. Chaetotaxy. 2 vt, pvt and or absent, 1 npl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 dc, scutellum with 2 large marginal bristles and with a pair of hairlike ones above. All bristles black. Body length 5.5 mm; wing length 4.8 mm. FEMALE very similar to male. Mesonotal median stripe slightly developed. Lateral margins of abdominal tergites straight. Ovipositor sclerotized DIAGNOSIS. Externally this species is very similar to B. cornicula sp.n., differing in structure of genitalia (Fig. 6, 7). In particular, appreciable distinctions may be seen in proportions of epandrial and surstylar appendages. I take pleasure in naming this species for the known dipterist H.K.Munro.

421

Belobackenbardia stuckenbergiorum Shatalkin sp.n.
MATERIAL. Holotype: , S. Africa, port St. Johns, 3129 DA, 16.I. 1970 (B&P. Stuckenberg). Paratypes: 1 , same locality as holotype (B&P. Stuckenberg).

were described by Verbeke: P. aephiopica [1952] and P. dimorpha [1956]. Principially because the subgeneric system of Psila s.l. is not worked up the taxonomic relationships of these both species remain equivocal. Verbeke considered first species to belong Chamaepsila Hendel, 1917, interpreted by many European dipterists as a separate genus [see Soуs, 1984]. Another species Verbeke described as Psila. It however does not belong to Psila s.str. (considered as P. fimetaria group). Taking this into account Cogan [1979] placed this species in subgenus Chamaepsila in Afrotropical Catalogue. One cannot admit this decision to be good. To accept it means to wash away the borders of group. Chamaepsila as opposed to Psila s.str. includes species with very different character sets and might be a paraphyletic assemblage. It may be redefined as a monophyletic group by restricting its membership to species diagnosed by such characters as 3 vt, 12 dc, yellow head and legs. In context of this definition P. aephiopica must be placed in Chamaepsila. P. dimorpha however differs from species of both Chamaepsila and Psila s.str. This species is so distinct that we recognise it as a new subgenus for that we introduce the name Afropsila. Besides mentioned two species I have found in African material examined one new species described below as Psila (Chamaepsila) freidbergi sp.n. and also two females of fourth species. Preliminary I attributed these two females to P (Chamaepsila) nigricornis Meigen, 1826.

New species was collected from low vegetation growing in shade in the very fine Podocarpus montane forest. DESCRIPTION. MALE. Head yellow. Frons in anterior and posterior thirds yellow; in middle third on each side along eyes broadly black; these black stripes with indistinct hind margin on a level of ocellar triangle and archedly narrowed to anterior margin of eye. Frontal triangle brownish; at different visual angles it seems to be sometimes yellowish, sometimes dark brown. Ocellar triangle black. Antennae yellow; 3rd segment tapering with dark spot around arista. Arista dark brown thickened in base, with long rather thick hairs; width of its feathering slightly less than width of 3rd antennal segment. Palpi yellow. Thorax yellow; mesonotum with a pair of pale and narrow lateral stripes, extending from suture to dc; metanotum without brownish spot; black hairs under hind spiracle absent. Legs yellow; hind tibia and tarsi dark brown. Middle tibia with 1 spur. Wing yellowish with yellow veins and with light darkenning extending from r-m to apex. Halteres yellow. Abdomen yellow; lateral margins of abdominal tergites straight. Epandrium without distinct lobes. Chaetotaxy. 2 vt, pvt absent, 1 very large or; 1 npl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 dc, scutellum with 2 large marginal bristles and with a pair of hair-like ones above. All bristles black. Body length 4.0 mm; wing length 4.1 mm. FEMALE unknown. DIAGNOSIS. This species differs well from first two. Its wing with brownish stripe in apical half, mesonotum with a pair of brownish postsutural stripes, metanotum without brownish spot; besides, lateral margins of abdominal tergites were not arched in males. The new species is dedicated to Brian and Pamella Stuckenberg.

Subgenus Afropsila Shatalkin subgen.n. Figs 910.
Type species: Psila dimorpha Verbeke, 1956. DESCRIPTION. Body slender, yellow basically. Head triangular in profile, face yellow, strongly retreating. Frontofacial angle acute. Height of frons equal to or slightly more than its width. Eye with nearly straight hind margin. Gena very high, only about 1.5 times less than height of eye. Genal brush of white short hairs absent. Parafacials without silver pruinose. Occiput in lateral view more or less convex. 3rd antennal segment short, about 1.7 times as long as its width. Arista white (narrowly yellow basally) with short white hairs; width of its feathering equal to its thickened basal part. Thorax mostly yellow. Anteropronotum slightly developed; postcoxal bridge undeveloped. Mesopleuron in lower part without tuft of white hairs directed downwards. Wing with anal lobe slightly developed; alula narrow with convex margin; 2nd basal cell noticeably shorter than anal cell in basal part of wing but both practically equal distally; A1 concave inside anal cell; CuA2 sometimes forms at acute angle with respect to M3+4; discoidal cell moderately long; R2+3 not arching before tip; last section of M3+4 nearly straight. Halteres yellow in male and blackish in female. Sternopleuron before coxa without black bristles. Legs long: hind femur equal to length of thorax. Hind femur without apical densely pilose pad on its lower side. Abdomen about 1.21.3 as long as thorax. Genitalia (Fig. 9 10) with aedeagus geniculate: basal part short with trapeziform sclerite dorsally, apical one broadly tubular with a pair of lateral sclerites in upper part and unsclerotized plate going from aedeagal apodeme and covering aedeagus from below; hypandrium desclerotized; parameres well developed and characterized nonapical location with respect to aedeagal apodeme; gonopods fused with parameres. Female ovipositor unsclerotized. 2 vt, pvt absent (in one specimen well developed), or absent; 1 npl, sometimes vestigial, 1 sa, pa absent, 1 dc, scutellum with a pair of large marginal bristles (in one specimen with 2 pairs).

Psila Meigen, 1803
This genus is very poorly represented in Afrotropical. Only two species were mentioned in the literature. The both


422

A.I. Shatalkin = F

AF

C

9
F

10

=F

C =F D

12

11
Figs 912. Male terminalia of Afropsila dimorpha Verbeke (910) and Chamaepsila freidbergi Shatalkin sp.n. (1112); lateral view (9), ventral view (1011), aedeagus (12). ap aedeagal apodeme; h hypandrium (ventral sclerite); other abbreviations as in Figs 38. Figs 912. Гениталии самцов Afropsila dimorpha Verbeke (910) и Chamaepsila freidbergi Shatalkin sp.n. (1112); вид сбоку (9), вентральный вид (1011), эдеагус (12). ap аподема эдеагуса; h гипандрий; другие сокращения как на рис. 38.

DIAGNOSIS. With regard to the male genital apparatus this subgenus is sufficiently derived and differs well from both Chamaepsila and Psila s.str. Two principial components can be recognized in the hypandrium of Psila s.l., namely a ventral hypandrial sclerite (Fig. 11) and a pair of latero-dorsal sclerites that I consider to be the derivatives of gonopods. In Afropsila I have not found ventral hypandrial sclerite; gonopods are very developed and broadly fused with parameres (Fig. 10). The aedeagal structure resembles that of Eastpalaearctic Synaphopsila Hendel, 1933. Para meres are placed basally as in Freyopsila Shatalkin, 1986, Pseudopsila Johnson, 1920 and Synaphopsila [see Shatalkin, 1986]. External distinctive characters of Afropsila subgen.n. as compared with other groups of Psila s.l. include the presence of slight npl, the absence pa, and also pvt in type-species (see Remarks), white arista, black halteres in female (at least in type-species), undeveloped anal lobe of wing; anal cell with A1 concave. Besides, members of subgenus are distinguished by slender body and

long legs. In particular, hind femur as long as thorax whereas in other Psila hind femur about 1.31.5 times less than length of thorax. REMARKS. There are a few specimens differing in some characters from typical ones. One female from Cameroon (Rt. N6, Balibatibo, West of Bamenda, 20.XI. 1987, Kaplan) is distinguished by well developed stout pvt. Frons in posterior half along eyes broadly dark brown. Another specimen has two pairs stout bristles on scutellum. Some females have halteres yellowish not darkening as in the most of cases. We have got a scanty material to do definite conclusions about taxonomic status of these specimens. Finally, it should be mentioned Psila (Tetrapsila) longipennis Sйguy, 1936 from the Azores. Though I have not seen this species but I can easily conceive what kind fly it is. Externally it resembles P. dimorpha. The unique for Psilidae character of the presence of black halteres in female is an additional argument in favour of opinion that P. longipennis may belong to Afropsila.


Afrotropical Psilidae (Diptera). 1. Genera Belobackenbardia gen.n. and Psila Meigen, 1803
While vagueness in respect to P. longipennis remains we will consider subgenus Afropsila to be known by a single species P. dimorpha.

423

Psila (Afropsila) dimorpha Verbeke, 1956 Figs 910.
Psila (Afropsila) dimorpha Verbeke, 1956: 487. Material. 1 , 3 , Kenya, 8 km NE Kericho, 9.V.1991(, ), 16.XI. 1986 () (Freidberg, Kaplan), Cheymen, 10 km E Kericho, 19. IX.1992 (Freidberg); 2 , 2 , Uganda, S.W. Rutenga Kabale, 7 km NE, 1950 m, 23.XII.1995, Buhoma Burindi NP, 1500 m, 31.XII, 1995 (Yarom, Freidberg); 1 , Tanzania, Ngorongoro Wild life Lodge, 2850 m, 34.IX.1992 (Freidberg); 1 , Cameroon Rt. N6, Balibatibo, W Bamenda, 20.XI. 1987 (Kaplan).

tibia with yellow spur. Wing transparent. Section of M1+2 between r-m and dm-cu about 2.7 times more than previous one and equal to ultimate one. Halteres whitish with yellow stalk. Abdomen entirely black. Chaetotaxy. 3 vt, pvt present, 2 or, 1 npl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 2 dc, scutellum with 2 marginal bristles; pteropleuron bare. All bristles yellow. Body length 2.93.3 mm; wing length 2.93.2 mm. DIAGNOSIS. The species may be easily distinguished from other Chamaepsila by its peculiar body coloration.

Psila (Chamaepsila) freidbergi Shatalkin sp.n. Figs 1112.
MATERIAL. Holotype: , Ethiopia, Bale, Bale Mountains 10 km Gowa, 3200 m, 31.I.2000 (Freidberg, Yarom). Paratypes: , , same locality as holotype, 01.II.2000 (Freidberg, Yarom).

REDESCRIPTION. MALE. Head yellow. Ocellar triangle and narrow area around it black; vertex between vte with blackish area extending to occiput and ending near occipital foramen. Antenna yellow; its 3rd segment slightly conic, brown or black above arista, about 1.6-2.0 times as long as its width. Arista yellow, with very short whitish hairs. Frontofacial angle sharply pointed. Length of frons from its anterior margin to anterior margin of eye about 1.4 times less than length of eye. Width of frons about 1.3 less than its height from anterior margin to hind ocelli. Gena about 1.3 times less than height of eye. Eye rounded, its length equal to its width. Face with narrow middle keel. Palpi yellow. Thorax yellow. Mesonotum with broad to narrow middle black stripe extending to level of npl and a similar pair of lateral stripes, extending from level of posterior margin humeri to dc; lateral stripes subdivided by suture into short presutural and more longer postsutural sections. Mesopleuron narrowly brownish on upper margin from humeral callus to base of wing; sternopleuron with brown spot in lower part; pteropleuron in upper part posteriorly with slight brownish spot; metanotum brown. Legs yellow. Middle tibia withyellow spur. Wing transparent. Section of M1+2 between r-m and dm-cu about 2.7 times more than previous one and equal to ultimate one. Halteres yellowish. Abdomen yellowish brown; posterior third to half of tergites II-V yellow. Genitalia Fig. 910. Chaetotaxy. 2 vt, pvt absent, 1 npl, 1 sa, pa absent, 1 dc, scutellum with 2 marginal bristles, pteropleuron bare. All bristles brown. Body length 3.33.7 mm; wing length 3.03.3 mm. FEMALE with blackish halteres. Body length 4.04.2 mm; wing length 3.83.9 mm.

DESCRIPTION. MALE. Head yellow. Ocellar triangle black; vertex around pvt slightly brownish; upper occiput with a black stripe not extending outside level of frontal margin of eyes. Basal antennal segments dark brown; 3rd segment black, about 1.4 times as long as its width. Arista brownish, in very short hairs: width of its feathering less than its thickened basal part. Width of frons slightly more than its height. Gena about 1.5 times less than height of eye. Height of eye about 1.3 times as long as its length. Palpi black in apical half. Thorax black. Legs yellowish. Middle tibia with yellow spur. Wing transparent with brownish veins. CuA2 forms an acute angle with respect to M3+4. Section of M1+2 between r-m and dm-cu about 2.8 times more than previous one and equal to ultimate one. Halteres yellowish white. Abdomen black. Genitalia Figs. 912. Chaetotaxy. 3 vt, pvt present, 2 or; 1 npl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 2 dc, scutellum with 2 marginal bristles; pteropleuron bare. All bristles black. Body length 3.4 mm; wing length 3.8 mm. FEMALE is similar to male. Body length 2.9 mm; wing length 3.5 mm. DIAGNOSIS. In general appearance this species is most like P. nigricornis Mg., 1826. The latter differs in having basal antennal segments yellow, arista light, with short but distinst hairs. Genitalia of P. freidbergi sp.n. is quite different (Figs. 1112). This species is named to honor the known dipterist Dr. Amnon Freidberg from Tel Aviv University.

Psila (Chamaepsila) aephiopica Verbeke, 1952
Psila (Chamaepsila) aephiopica Verbeke, 1952: 9. Material. 1 , Kenya, 25 km NE Kericho, 1920.XI.1989 (Freidberg, Kaplan), 1 , Kenya, 14 mi NE Nakuru, 16.XII.1969 (Irwin, Ross); 3 , Uganda, S.W. Rutenga, 20 km NE Kabale, 1200 m, 25.XII.1995 (Yarom, Freidberg)

Psila (Chamaepsila) (?) nigricornis Meigen, 1826
Psila (Chamaepsila) nigricornis Meigen, 1826: 359. Material. 2 , Kenya, Mt. Elgon, 3800 m, 25.XI.1986 (Freidberg).

REDESCRIPTION. MALE. Head yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Antenna yellow; its 3rd segment black, about 1.6 times as long as its width. Arista brownish, with short hairs: width of its feathering equal to or less than thickness of basal part of arista. Width of frons equal to its height from anterior margin to hind ocelli. Gena about 1.4 times less than height of eye. Eye rounded, its length equal to its width. Face with narrow middle keel. Palpi black in apical half. Thorax yellow. Mesonotum with washed brownish middle stripe and a pair of similar postsutural stripes on each side. Mesopleuron with a similar narrow stripe on upper margin; pteropleuron, laterotergite and metanotum slightly brownish. Legs yellow, middle

Thorax and abdomen are black, but humeral calli and mesonotum laterally slightly brownish. Having only females I do not decide to assert unconditionally in correctness of my determination. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I wish to thank the following colleagues for much helpful advise and assistance of borrowing of material: Dr. E. de Coninck (Musйe Royal de lAfrique Centrale, Tervuren); Dr. P.Arnaud (California Academy of Science, San Francisco); Dr. D.A. Barraclough and Dr B.R. Stuckenberg (both from Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa); Dr. A. Freidberg (Tel Aviv University); Dr. A. Norrbom, Dr. F.Ch. Thompson (both from United States National Museum , Washington).


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A.I. Shatalkin
Shatalkin, A.I. 1998a. Review of the Asian species of Chyliza Fallйn (Diptera, Psilidae). Ibid. Vol.6 (for 1997). No.12. P.89111. Shatalkin A.I. 1998b. The genitalia of Platypezidae and the origin of Cyclorrhapha // Fourth International Congress of Dipterology. Oxford. P.202. Soуs A. 1984. Family Psilidae // Cat. Palaearct. Dipt. Budapest. Vol.9. P.2835. Verbeke J. 1952. Psilidae (Diptera cyclorrhapha) // Exploration Parc Natl. Albert. Mission G.F. de Witte, 19331935. Bruxelles. Fasc.78. P.164. Verbeke J. 1956. CV. Diptera Micropezidae, Sciomyzidae et Psilidae // Contribution б l'йtude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). Ann. Mus. Congo Tervuren, Zool. T.51. P.475488. Verbeke J. 1963. Note sur quelques Psilidae et Micropezidae йthiopiens et malgaches (Diptera, Acalyptera) // Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. T.67. Fasc.12. P.163175 Verbeke J. 1968. Psilidae (Diptera Acalyptera) // Parc Natl. Garamba. Mission H. de Saeger. Bruxelles. Fasc.53. P.6578.

References
Cogan B.H. 1980. 49. Family Psilidae // Cat. Dipt. Afrotrop. Reg. British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Lond. P.589590. Lindner E. 1956. Ostafricanische Lauxaniidae, Tylidae, Neriidae, Sciomyzidae, Psilidae und Helomyzidae (Dipt.) // Jahreshefte Ver. vaterl. Naturk. Wьrttemb., Stuttgart. Bd.111. S.3146. McAlpine D.K. 1997. Gobryidae, a new family of Acalyptrate flies (Diptera: Diopsoidea), and a discussion of relationships of the Diopsoid families // Rec. Austral. Mus. Vol.49. P.167194. Shatalkin A.I. 1986. [Review of the eastpalaearctic flies of Psila Meigen (Diptera, Psilidae) with the key of the palaearctic species] // Trudy Zool. Inst. AN SSSR. Vol.146. P.2343 [in Russian]. Shatalkin A.I. 1995. Palaearctic species of Pseudopomyzidae (Diptera) // Russian Entomol. J. Vol.3 (for 1994). No.34. P.129145.