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x :
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: � ; � ; � .

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(.. , .. )

N � , ..; V � , /; G0 � , ; l � , .

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(.. , .., .., .. )

ui �� i- ; i � i- ; bij � i- j-; ai � ; Di �

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(J. Fugere, Y. Liang)



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(-3-5)
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(-1)

(-2)
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dv ( p2 - ph ) F = - g (sin - f cos ) dt m dmb = -G dt d G = p1 Fk k RT p1 = 2 k + 1
k +1 k -1

mb RT Vb

: 1 � ; 2 � ; 3 � ; 4 � ; 5 � ; 6 � ; 7 �

p2 =

(m0 + m) RT Vg
Vg = F vdt 15




16




: 1 � , 2 � , 3 � , 4 �

dv ( p - ph )F = - g (sin - f cos dt m dM = G1 - G dt dl =v dt de = Ap dt
2

)

p = MRT V
G1 =
1 pFk p k 2 kRT k -1 RT p h G2 = k pFk RT k

de S (e) dt
k -1 k

p 1 - ph 2 + 1
k +1 k -1

,

p 2 < ph k + 1
k k -1

k k -1

;

,

p 2 > ph k + 1

.

: �Smoothbore� ( 10%)
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.

[]

, �Smoothbore� thb

: 1. 2. �

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( )

()





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(24 1941 .)
2 � �

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11:15 , � � 11:25 11:30 11:31 , 4 76- , 21 20- 11:36 11:45 12:11 -

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2 , � �
� � � � � � � � � � 10:55 , 11:03 � � 11:19 6000 11:30 90�, , 102- 180� , 102 , 11:40 40 11:50


� � � � � �; � � ( 1941 . � ) � � ( );

76- : � 3, 9 � , -, , ; � 1, ; � .

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,

3000 6000 2,3...2,5 , .. (); 20 41 ( 0,04 0,14) 1 5 ; 0,055, 4 , 72 . 2 40 . 22



�Warships� ( 50200600583)
n 2 1

� �



�Naval artillery penetration v. 2. 0� ( 50200800720)



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�Naval artillery penetration� ( 50200701554)


�Artillery� ( 50200501493)

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�Databas e of Naval Guns � ( 50200601789)

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= +

tg
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1 1898 .
[]
203- 14 157 8,9 89 10 152- 7 635 1,1 11 23 127- 22 622 3,5 35 20


203/35 Mk II 152/30 Mk III 127/40 Mk II 3,5� 5� 6� � , 94,7 70,2 60,6 5,1 % 8,9 % 3,8 % 1,1 % 3,2 % 3,5 %

: ;


:
. 167 214 58 236 Archivo General de Marina 60 + 14 224* + 42* 14 42 "�lvaro de Baz�n" (leg. 4838) 27 23 ( + ) ? ? * ..

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Washburn ( )
dM dt dP dt dS st dV dt dL dt = 10 L - 0,1SM - 0,04 M - 0,0001PM = -0,0001PL = -0,001SM = -0,02 M = -0,02 PL + 1

( )
dA = -0,05 N + 0,1; A dt dS = -0,02 F ; S > 0 dt dC = A1 - exp- 0,5 dt dF = -0,1S ; F > 0 dt >0

2 N 1 + 0,5 ; C > 0 A

[Morse, Kimball] � �

dM n = e 5 dt c pS dS nc = -e - s + Rs dt 100 Ts dE nc = -e +R dt 500
E

27




dx = ax + bxy + cy + d dt dy = ey + fyx + gx + h dt



Engel ( )
dx = -cy + d dt dy = - gx + h dt

28



dx = -ax - cy � d dt x=

-


i =1

n



i

-

i = N i ( Ai + Bi v

)

c=C
v=D


j =1

m

k

j

- i - ( j =7; j =8) []

x y
i

-
dx dt
2

N i = Ei N

-
x

2x 2 d = Fi 2 + l s

- ()

[]

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( )

[, ]
-

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� -72
l b ^ ^ P = k1k 2 k3 k 4 - B B



-72 � �

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-72 �

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() 18 (1 ) 1904 .


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[] [] [ ...] [] [] [] 2400 . 2190 . 2781 . ( .. 63 ), 22 , 8 2177 . (528 , 999 , 650 ) 2730 . ( .. 530 ), 21 2177 ., 21 , 8 2397 ., 22 , 8 1257 . 1036 . 1030 . ( .. 30 ). 1000 . 898 . ( ) 1036 . �

34



500

400

300

200

1914 .

100

0 15 20 25 30 35 40

y(%) = � 0,0001976 x3 + 0,019 x2 � 0,617 x + 6,9934

35


()
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 2 3 4 5

5,3 % 53%

5,5 %

7,2 % 72%

23 %



1 � ; 2 � ; 3 � 1 ; 4 � 2 ; 5 -

36


()
7,9 %


2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 2

1,1 %

?

3

4

5

1 � ; 2 � ; 3 � ; 4 �

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(, , , )
: Gender and Generation in the World Labor Force. US Department of Commerce; Economics and Statistics Administration, of Commerce; Statistics Administration Bureau of the Census





38


- 1914 .


3 = 1,069

3 = 1,410

3 = 0,705

3 = 0,746

3 = 0,915

3 = 0,606

3 = 1,846

762

863

410

400

658

234

100

1162
1 973 2 1078

1709
711 492 �

625
1 (1) 524 2 (2) 580 2 265

427
253 359 277

918
1163 �

363
2 245 133

516
358 �

2 493

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( 1 ) 365
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197

157

300

113

117

(-, ) 2138 1344 1183 786 1209 430

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t
p

t

0

t

p

t

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1 (3 )

1 (4 )

2 (4 )

2 (5 )

: 1. (y); 2. (=> T); 3. (t)

: ? 41 1 ?



: ?

� 10,5

: 15- � 27 ; 23- 32,5...35 ; 29- 9...11 ; 30...60 12,5...17,5 ; 60- �
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1914 . 1. � 10,5 . 2. � 15 . 3. � 900 .
, , , , 900/15=60 ; 3�900=2700 ( )

43



y c1 exp y= y c 1 - exp - t t < t T1 t - t p t t T






yc1, . 81,83 533,86 125,58 2,21 10,12 98,12

T1, . 5,25 10,51 25,08 3,60 2,98 7,85

yc, . 5461 3781 175 380 3822 2300

tp, . 10,5 11,7 3,0 15,0 14,1 16,3

T, . 14,88 4,27 427 1,36 1,94 2,33 4,86

ta, . 15 17 7 17 16 21

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( )
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(.. )





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91 82 78 65 42

9 18 22 35 58

y(%) = � 0,02133 x2 + 3,024 x � 43,155
47



1.069 1.41 141 0.705 0.746 12.00 13.03 12.00 13.03 18.64 1 27.83 2 38.69 2 47.34 26.39 40.87 49.60 18.64 1 (1) 27.83 2 (2) 38.69 2 47.34 21.00 29.21 37.98 46.73 22.86 40.54 23.76 2 37.20 46.73 24.95 45.70 13.03 13.03 11.36 0.915 0.606 1.846

-

-

( 1 ) 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00

(-, ) 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 48






nico02@mail.ru

49