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Cedefop CEIHE DeSeCo ECTS EHEA ENQA EQAR EQF LLL EQUIS ESG ESU EUA EURASHE ISCED JQI QF EHEA TUNING н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н н л : ╗ л ╗ ( 2004 . ) , л ╗

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/ (I NS TIT U TI O N AL A U TO NO MY ) / н (), , , , (, ..), л / ╗ 1997н2009 . ( н ). 16 50 (. . 1 ). л ╗ , , л ╗ (Trends III) (2003 .). л , , , . 15 . ... , л╗ ╗ [1]. , (2005 .), , л . , ... . . . л╗ [2]. 2005 . л XXI н ╗ . : - ;

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, л ╗ н ╗ [3]. , , . л 2020: н ╗ ( 2008 .) н л : ╗: л , , , . , , , , ╗. л н , н ( / ) л ╗?╗, л ( )?╗. л ( )╗ . , : л ( )╗ [4].
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3. .. . . ., л╗. 2004, . 64н65. 4. лBologna 2020: Unlocking Europe's potential н Contributing to a better world╗. Ghent Conference, 18н20 May, 2008. Professor Marek Kwiek лTowards Conclusions from a General ( Rapporteur╗ л 2020: н ╗, , 18н20 2008 . . : . *11, . 61н66). 5. .. // л : ╗, 2003, 3 www.umj.ru/index.php/pub/inside/355. 6. . , , . . www.ecsocman.edu.ru/db/msg/78711.html 7. M▌nch R. Wissenschaft unter dem Regime des akademischen Kapitalismus. LIFIS ONLINE [17.07.09] www.leibniz-institut.de

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2005 .) : ; , ; ; [4]. Trends . , л ╗ (Trends III, 2003 .) л╗: л н , , . , , л╗ , , , , , . , . , , , , , , EQUIS ╗ [5]. (2003 ) (ENQA) (EQAR), , , . , ,

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( ) (GRADUATE SCHOOL) ( ) ( . ASPIRO н , ) н () , ( / , , ) л╗ : Trends I, Tredns IV Trends V. л╗ л╗. Trends V / . л , , , . , . н , . , , , ╗ [1].
.: , 4.
4

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/ , (ACADEMIC /CLASS/CONTACT HOURS) / . * н , ( .. ) ECTS. ECTS л ╗ л ╗. ECTS , .
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: н -

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ECTS л ╗. 45 60 5. , . ECTS 1 60 1500н1800 ( , , , ), 1 25н30 [1, 2].
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л╗ н . , л╗ л╗ . (2002 .) (, , ), , . , , 2004 . (л, , ╗). л╗, л╗ л╗ Trends, Trends I (1999 .), 6. (16н17 2001 .) . 2004 . - л : ?╗, , . л : , , - ╗ [1, 2]. , , , . 180 240 ECTS (3н4 ).
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(BOLOGNA D E CLARATIO N)

н 29 1999 , : , ; , ECTS; ; , (Magna Charta Universitatum), 1988 . , 1998 ., , , . . , : , , ; , ; , ECTS; ; . н . 24

, , 29 46.
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/ / / (BOLOGNA PROCESS / TRANSFROMATIONS / PEFORMS) н , (. ) 1999 , , , : 2001 . (), 2003 . (), 2005 . (), 2007 . (), 2009 . (/-) (1999), , , [1]. (2001) , ( , , ECTS, , , ), : , -

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, [5]. /-- (2008) 2010 : л1. , ... ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ╗ [8]. , , , / -- (2009 .): л , , , .╗. 2020 . : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; . , . ,

, , , [9]. , , , , - - . . (, ) ( , ). , , , , . , , , .
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, , 19н20 2005 . *6, . 166н173). 5. Towards European Higher Education Area: Responding to Challenges in a Globalised World. London Communiqu╚, 2007 ( л : ╗, 18 2007 . *10, . 194н203). 6. International Conference on "New Generations of Policy Documents and Laws for Higher Education: Their Thrust in the Context of the Bologna Process". Warsaw, 4н6 Nov. 2004 (л ╗ , , 4н6 2004 . *6, . 15н22). 7. From Bologna to Bergen: A Mid- Term Review from the Academics` Point of View╗'Bologna` Conference. Policy Statement on the Bologna Process in the `Bergen' round (EI), Brussels, February 12, 2005 (л : ╗ . (EI), , 12 2005 . *6, . 48н62). 8. EUA policy position:The future of the Bologna Process post 2010 ( : 2010 . *11, . 290н294). 9. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /--, 28-29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174). 10. : ( 1) / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2009. 11. : ( 2) / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2009. 12. : (- 3) / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2009. 13. Glossary of Terms Relevant for Engineering Education E4 н Enhancing Engineering Education in Europe. 2003 ( , . *5, . 298н320).

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14. Glossar н gestuftes Studiensystem. Leistungspunkte. Universit─t Greifswald. Glossar f▌r gemeinsame Handbuch. ¤berarbeitung (gem─· Verbundtreffen vom 15.05.03 www.uni-greifswald.de/ .../handbuch/glossar-a-e.html 15. The Bologna Process: Where Are We, Where Are We Going? Pan-European Structure Seminar, Brussels, February 11н12, 2005 (л : , ?╗ , , 11н12 2005 . *6, . 38н 47).

(FRAM E WORK of QUALIF ICATIONS for t h e EUROPEA N H I GH ER E D UCA T I O N AR EA ) н

(2005 .) , : н , н н ( , ), , 2003 н Trends III (2003 .). , (19н20 2005 .), : л 27

, ( , , ), , . 2010 , , 2007 ╗ [2]. (QF EHEA) (European Qualification Framework for Lifelong learning н EQF LLL). 2008 . (8 ), , (6н8 , ) [10]. , (EQF LLL), . н EQF LLL н 2010 . н EQF LLL н 2012 . , . , , . , -

. , [2]. . н , [7]. , , ECTS UROPSS. 2007 . , 2010 . [4]. л : ╗ 2008 . [9]. , - () . : , , -. 28

, : , ; , ; ; ; , . , , .
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(HIGHER EDUCATION ) ( ) н , () - н ( ) , , , . 29

3 ISCED ( ) 1997 . . -- (2009 .) , . , , , , - . , 2020 , . , - , . ; , ; . , , .

: н ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; [11]. 2009 . (, ) л ╗. , , .
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(HARMONISAT I ON) н , (), , () ()

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, , , , ), , , , , л╗ . . . . ( . competere н ) : - , , , ; - (, , ); - ; - , .. . . ( ) ( ). 53

(COMPETENCE) н ( -

, , . () (, , ). : - ( ) ; - ; - ; - . TUNING , . TUNING ( , ), ( ), ( ) [1, 3]. л ╗ (DeSeCo), , [5].
.
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/ (CREDIT) / н , л╗ . / (, , , ..) , . . ECTS : 54

- / , / . - . - ( ). - / . Tuning . . , , , , [1]. ECTS 2009 [2].
.
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(MASTER) н (, , ) () (2003 .), . . , . : . . . . ( , 300 . . ECTS). , : - 180 . . + 120 . . ; - 240 . . + 90 н 120 . . ; - 300 . . ( ). , (270н300 . .) (60н120 . .) , . , н , . (2003 .), , 55

, , , [2]. л : , ; , , ; , ( ) ; ; , , ; , , ; ╗ [4]. . , , 180 240 . . ECTS, н 360н440 . .
. /
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14н15 2003 ( . , 14н15 2003 . *3, . 372н377). 3. лFrom Bologna to Bergen: A Mid-Term Review from the Academics` Point of View╗'Bologna` Conference Policy Statement on the Bologna Process in the `Bergen' round (EI), Brussels, 12 February, 2005 (л : ╗ . . , 12 2005 . *6, . 48н62). 4. A Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area. Bologna Working Group on Qualifications Frameworks. Copenhagen, 2005 www.europeunit.ac.uk/.../europe.../Brf%20on% 20BP%20QF, %20Copenhagen,%20Jan05%20.doc 5. : 2007н2009 . /-- / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2009. 6. . . .:, , 2005.

(MOBILITY) , , н , , - , 56

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- ( , , ). , : , ; - , , ( ), , , . , . . : ; ; , . , , , , . л ╗ (2004 .), л 2010 .╗ (2005 .), л : ╗ (2007 .), л : ?╗ (2008 .), л! ?╗ (2008 .), л ╗ (2008 .),

л н ╗, л ╗ /- (2009 .) [1н4; 10н13]. , , : - ; - ; - ; - ; - . ( ). л ╗. (2008 .) , л ... ... ... ... , ╗ [10]. , , 58

. (2008 .) , [11]. , - . : ; ; . н , , , . , , /-- (2009 .), , , , , , , . . , , , , , . н , , .

, . , [13]. л╗ .
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7. лFrom Bologna to Bergen: A Mid-Term Review from the Academics` Point of View╗'Bologna` Conference. Policy Statement on the Bologna Process in the `Bergen' round (EI), Brussels, February 12, 2005 (л : ╗ . . , 12 2005 . *6, . 48н62). 8. лESIB н The National Unions of Students in Europe╗. Luxembourg Student Declaration, presented at the 9 th European Student Convention, Luxembourg, March 2005 (лESIB н ╗ , 9- , , 2005 . *6, . 67н72). 9. Trend IV: European Universities Implementing Bologna. Reichert S., Tauch K., 2005 (л IV: ╗ ., . 2005. *6, . 73н165). 10. Bologna Seminar `Let's Go! н Where To Now?'Lille, 6н7 October 2008 ( л! н ?╗. , 6н7 2008 . *11, . 109н114). 11. Staff Mobility and Pension Arrangements. Berlin. 12н13 June 2008 ( л ╗. , 11н12 2008 . *11, . 89н92). 12. Bologna Seminar "Europe, an Area of Student Mobility". Nancy, 2008, 4н5 November ( л н ╗. , 4н5 2008 . *11, . 115н119). 13. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /-, 28н29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174). 14. : ( TUNING)/ . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2006.

(MODUL) ( . MODULUS н ) / (COURSE UNIT) н , 59

, , () л╗ . л ╗, л╗, лECTS╗ . . . . . , , . . , , , , , , , , , . , , (TUNING) : , , -, , , , , - , . , , ; н ; н 60

; н . н , (, н , .); н , - н , ); н , , , , ; н , , ; н , , , , , . ECTS [1]. 25 30 , , . , 5 , (, 10 15).
.
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6. : 100 / O.Graumann, R.W. Keck, M. Pewsner, A. Rakhkochkine, A. Schirin (Herausgeber). Schulund Hochschulmanagement: 100 aktuelle Begriffe╗. Hildesheim, 2004. 7. . . .:, , 2005. 8. Glossar н gestuftes Studiensystem. Leistungspunkte. Universit─t Greifswald. Glossar f▌r gemeinsame Handbuch. ¤berarbeitung (gem─· Verbundtreffen vom 15.05.03) www.uni-greifswald.de/.../handbuch/glossar-ae.html 9. Eberhard Karls (Universit─t T▌bingen) Module/Modularisierung. 2005. www.unituebingen.de/

(MODUL AR IS ATION) н , , (), , , . , , () . Trends IV (2005 .), , , ( ECTS) [4]. : (, , ..) -

. н . , . . , , , . , , , , , . , . .
.

1. .. : , , .н .: , 2006. 2. ECTS Users' Guide. Final Version. 2009 ( ECTS. . 2009 . *11, . 175н 220). 3. Tuning Educational Structures in Europe. Final Report, Phase 2, University of Deusto, University of Groningen, 2005. http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu 4. Trend IV: European Universities Implementing Bologna. Reichert S., Tauch K., 2005 (л IV:

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╗ ., . 2005. *6, . 73н165). 5. : (- 1) / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2009.

6. Eberhard Karls (Universit─t T▌bingen) Module/Modularisierung. 2005. www.unituebingen.de/ 7. Glossar н gestuftes Studiensystem. Leistungspunkte. Universit─t Greifswald. Glossar f▌r gemeinsame Handbuch. ¤berarbeitung gem─· Verbundtreffen vom 15.05.03) www.unigreifswald.de/.../handbuch/glossar-ae.html 8. : 100 / O. Graumann, R. W.Keck, M. Pewsner, A. Rakhkochkine, A. Schirin (Herausgeber). Schul- und Hochschulmanagement: 100 aktuelle Begriffe╗. Hildesheim, 2004. 9. . . .: , 2005.

(T UNING) (TUNING) н , (/) TUNING , , , 62

. TUNING - . л , ╗. TUNING [1]. , , , , , , , , , . TUNING : - , ; - , , ; - , ; - , (, , , ); - , л ╗;

- , . : - (, , ); - ( ); - , , , -, ; - , (/) ; - ; , , ; , ; - , , . TUNING н . , TUNING , , ECTS, . - http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu 63

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(LIFELONG LEARNING) н , , , . . , , , . , , / , , , .

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, . ECTS, , . , , , . , , ( 2008 .) [9]. , , н . 2000 . л ╗ (2008 .) , , ; [2]. (2008 .), л , 40н45 ... ... , ... ?╗ : л ╗ [7]. л ╗, 2007 .,

- EUA, л ╗ (2008 .). , . н [10]. /-- (2009 .) . , , , , . , . , , , , , . , , - , . , [8].
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/ (STUDY PROG RAMM E) / н - , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) . , , , . . 66

(2001 .) л╗ , [1]. , , : - ; - , , , ; - , ; - , , , . , .
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( , ECTS). , , ECTS : л ECTS , , , ╗. : ) : : - /, - , ; / ) : н л ╗ , 3- 2004 ., [2]. л IV╗ , , . () ( н Validation) н , , , (, , ). -

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( 2001 .) [1]. , , , . л ╗ ( 2003 .) [5]. (2008 .), л... н , , . , ╗ [10]. (2003 .) , [2]. ( , , 2004 .) , л ╗ [6]. ( 2005 .) ( 2007 .) , , , [3, 4]. л ╗ (2008 .) [9].

, л ╗ , , . , . , , , (, , -, ..). (2008 .) л... , . , , ╗ [10]. /-- (2009 .) . , . , , [11]. , 77

(Trends). , , , н .
1. Towards European Higher Education Area. Communiqu╚ of the Meeting of European Ministers in Charge of Higher Education. Prague, 2001 ( . , , . , 19 , 2001 . *1, . 315н322). 2. Realising the European Higher Education Area. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education. Berlin, 2003 ( . , , 2003 . *3, . 398н409). 3. The European Higher Education Area н Achieving the Goals. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education. Bergen, 2005 ( н . , , , 19н20 2005 . *6, . 166н173). 4. Towards European Higher Education Area: Responding to Challenges in a Globalised World. London Communiqu╚, 2007 ( л : ╗, 18 2007 . *10, . 194н203). 5. Seminar on the Social Dimension of the Higher Education Area. Athens, 19н20 February 2003 ( . , 19н20 2003 . *3, . 361н371). 6. Recommendations to the Authorities of European Cultural Convention Member-States and the Bologna Follow-up Group. Strasbourg, Sept. 2004 ( - . , 2004 . *5, . 190н193). 7. The Social Dimension of the European Higher Education Area and World -Wide Competition╗. Recommendations from the Bologna Seminar, Sorbonne, Paris, January 27н28, 2005 (л ╗ , , 27н28 2005 . *6, . 30н33). 8. ESIB н The National Unions of Students in Europe╗. Luxembourg Student Declaration, presented at the 9th European Student Conven-

tion, Luxembourg, March 2005 (лESIB н ╗ , 9- , , , 2005 . *6, . 67н72). 9. Staff Mobility and Pension Arrangements. Berlin. 12н13 June 2008 ( л ╗. , 11н12 2008 . *11, . 89н92). 10. Official Bologna Process Seminar on Social Dimension. "Equality in a Knowledge-Based Society н How to Widen Opportunities?". (Best Practices in National Action Plans). Budapest, 10н11 November 2008 ( л , н ?╗ ( ). , 10н11 2008 . *11, . 124н127). 11. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /-, 28н29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174).

-

-

-

-

-

(S TR A T E G Y o f H I GH ER EDU C A T I O N ) н , , , , , . , , , : - (Adoption of a

-

-

system of easily readable and comparable degrees); () (Adoption of a system essentially based on two cycles); ECTS (Establishment of a system of credits); (Promotion of mobility); (Promotion of European cooperation in quality assurance); (Promotion of the European dimension in higher education); (Lifelong learning); (Higher Education institutions and students); (Promoting the attractiveness of the European Higher Education Area); (Social Dimension); (Doctoral studies and the synergy between the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area) [1-6].

(2007 .) л ╗ [5]. л EUA: 2010 ╗ ( 2008 .) н . л 78

н , . : ) л╗ , , ; ) , , , , ; ) : - , , , / (, , , , , ); - , , , / .╗ [7].
1. The European Higher Education Area Joint Declaration of European Ministers of Education (The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999). ( 19 1999 . *1, . 146н154). 2. Towards European Higher Education Area. Communiqu╚ of the Meeting of European Ministers in Charge of Higher Education. Prague, 2001 ( . , , . , 19 , 2001 . *1, . 315н322).

3. Realising the European Higher Education Area. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education. Berlin, 2003 ( . , , 2003 . *3, . 398н409). 4. The European Higher Education Area н Achieving the Goals. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education. Bergen, 2005 ( н . , , , 19н20 2005 . *6, . 166н173). 5. Towards European Higher Education Area: Responding to Challenges in a Globalised World. London Communiqu╚, 2007 ( л : ╗, 18 2007 . *10, . 194н203). 6. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /-, 28н29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174). 7. EUA policy position: The future of the Bologna Process post 2010 ( : 2010 . *11, . 290н294). 8. ..:, .. . : - л╗, 2006.

/ (STUDENTCENTRED AP PROAC H IN EDUCATION ) / н , ( л╗ ) ( ) л /╗ 79

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, . V (2007 .) [6]. /-- (2009 .) , , , , . , . , . [12].
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1. Using Learning Outcomes. The Report for Bologna Follow-Up Group. Edinburgh, July 2004 ( : . . , 1н2 2004 . *5, . 104н109). 2. Walsh A., Webb M. Guide to Writing Learning Outcomes. Kingston. 2002 ( ., . 2002 . *12, . 441н448). 3. Trends IV: European Universities Implementing Bologna. Reichert S., Tauch K. April 2005 (л IV: ╗ ., . 2005. *6, . 73н165╗). 4. Tuning Educational Structures in Europe. Final Report н Pilot Project, Gonz└les J., Wagenaar R. eds. Phase 1, Groningen, Bilbao, 2003. www.tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu 5. Tuning Educational Structures in Europe. Final Report н Pilot Project, Gonz└les J., Wagenaar R. eds., Phase 2, University of Deusto, University of Groningen, 2005. www.tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu

Higher Education Area. May 2007 Crosier D., Purser L., Smidt H. (л V: ╗ ., ., ., 2007 . *10, . 79н 165). 7. Towards European Higher Education Area: Responding to Challenges in a Globalised World. London Communiqu╚, 2007 ( л : ╗, 18 2007 . *10, . 194н203). 12. Learning utcomes Based Higher Education: the Scottish Experience. Edinburgh, 21н22 February 2008 ( л н ╗ , 21н22 2008 . *11, . 44н46). 13. ECTS . , 17н18 . 2008 (*11, . 59н60). 14. Seminar on Bologna Beyond 2010. Ghent, 19н 20 May 2008 ( л 2020: н ╗ , 18020 , 2008 . *11, . 61н66). 15. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /-, 28н29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174). 16. : ( 1) / . . - . , . .. . н .: , , 2009. н 536 . 17. : ( TUNING) / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2006. 18. .-. : л ╗ н л ╗ ? // , 2009, 7. 19. . . .:, , 2005.

6. Trends V: Universities Shaping the European

н , - (branch campus), (franchise), , Internet. . , . , , . . , , . л ╗ ( 2007 .) : - ; - / н ; - н ; - , , ; - , , [1]. 81

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, ; , / , . л : ╗ (2008 .) , () , , , , . , , , н - -. , ( ) - , [5]. /-- (2009 .) , л , (ENQA), / ╗ [6].
1. Bologna Process Follow-Up Seminar. New Challenges in Recognition: recognition of prior learning and recognition between Europe and other parts of the world. Riga, 25н26 Jan. 2007 ( л : ╗. , 25н26 2007 . *10, . 60н66). 2. "Looking out: Bologna in a global setting". Oslo, 28н29.09.2006 (л ! ╗. , 28н29.09.2006. *10, . 46н51).

3. The European Higher Education Area н Achieving the Goals. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education. Bergen, 2005 ( н . , , , 19н20 2005 . *6, . 166н173). 4. "Public Responsibility for Higher Education and Research", Strasbourg, 23н24 September 2004 ( л ╗. , 23н24 2004 . *5, . 190н193). 5. Bologna Seminars "Quality Assurance in Transnational Higher Education: From Words to Action". London, 1н2 December 2008 ( л : ╗. , 1н2 2008 . *11, . 158н162). 6. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /-, 28н29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174). 7. . , , 2006. www.unesco.org/education/hed/guidelines 8. .. : . ., 2003. 9. .. . . .: л╗, 2004. 10. : ( 2) / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2009.

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, , . (, ) н , () . . , , . , . . (2003 .) [3]. , .
1. The European Higher Education Area Joint Declaration of European Ministers of Education (The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999) ( 19 1999 . *1, . 146н154). 2. Towards European Higher Education Area. Communiqu╚ of the Meeting of European Ministers in Charge of Higher Education. Prague, 2001 ( . , , . , 19 , 2001 . *1, . 315н322). 3. Realising the European Higher Education Area. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education. Berlin, 2003 ( . , , 2003 . *3, . 398н409). 4. The European Higher Education Area н Achieving the Goals. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education. Bergen, 2005 ( н . ,

, , 19н20 2005 . *6, . 166н173). 5. Towards European Higher Education Area: Responding to Challenges in a Globalised World. London Communiqu╚, 2007 ( л : ╗, 18 2007 . *10, . 194н203). 6. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /-, 28н29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174).

/ (WORK LOAD) н () ECTS, () ECTS . 60 ECTS , 1500н1800 . 25н30 [1, 2]. , , , . : ; , , ; , ; , [2]. 83

: , , , . ( 2008 .) , [3]. лECTS ╗ ( 2008 .) [4]. TUNING . : , ; ; . . , [5]. . .
.
1. ECTS Users' Guide. European Gredit Transfer and Accumulation System and the Diploma Supplement. Brussels, Education and Culture DG of the European Commission, 2005 ( ECTS. 2005. *5, . 229н297). 2. ECTS Users' Guide. Final Version. 2009 ( ECTS. . 2009. *11, . 175н220). 3. Bologna Seminar. Learning Outcomes Based Higher Education. The Scottish Experience / Edinburgh, 21н22 February 2008 ( л н ╗. , 21н22 2008 . *11, . 44н 46). 4. Bologna Seminar. ECTS Based on Learning Outcomes and Student Workload. Moscow,

17н18 April 2008.( лECTS ╗. , 17н 18 2008 . *11, . 59н60). 5. Tuning Educational Structures in Europe. Final Report н Pilot Project, Gonz└les J., Wagenaar R. eds., Phase 2, University of Deusto, University of Groningen, 2005. www.tuning.unideusto.org/tuningeu 6. Bologna Process. Glossary, 2005. www.fzs.de/.../glossar_bologna_prozess/17647 3.html 7. Glossar н gestuftes Studiensystem. Leistungspunkte. Universit─t Greifswald. Glossar f▌r gemeinsame Handbuch. ¤berarbeitung (gem─· Verbundtreffen vom 15.05.03 www.unigreifswald.de/.../handbuch/glossar-a-e.html 8. : 2007н2009 . /-- / . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2009.

(EMPLOYABILITY) н , , /, , , , . (21н23 2004 .), (The Enhancing Student Employability Coordination Team н ESECT) [1]. , . , : - 84

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-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

, (); , , ; . , , ; , , ; , . л ╗ ( 2006 .) : ; ( , , , ); ( / ); [2].

, , / . . (2007 .) [3]. (2008 .) , л , . ╗, , , , . , , [4]. /-- (2009 .), . , . , , 85

[5].
1. Employability in the Context of the Bologna Process. General Conclusions and Recommendations. Bled, 21н23 Oct. 2004 ( л ╗ . , 21н23 2004 . *5, . 196н198). 2. Enhancing Graduate Employability. Swansea 12н14 July 2006 (л ╗. , 12н14 2006 . *10, . 36н38). 3. Towards European Higher Education Area: Responding to Challenges in a Globalised World. London Communiqu╚, 2007 ( л : ╗, 18 2007 . *10, . 194н203). 4. Official Bologna Seminar. "Employability: the Employers' Perspective and its Implications". Luxembourg, 6н7 November 2008 ( л: ╗. , 6н7 2008 . *11, . 120н123). 5. The Bologna Process 2020 н The European Higher Education Area in the new Decade. Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 ( 2020 н . , . /-, 28н29 2009 . * 11, . 167н174). 6. : ( TUNING) / . . - . , .. . н .: , 2006.

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1. Vatican seminar. The Cultural Heritage and Academic Values of the European University and the Attractiveness of the Higher Education Area. 2006 ( ╗ , 30 н 1 2006 . *10, . 27н32).

2. Glasgow Declaration. Strong Universities for a Strong Europe. 2005 (, л ╗ *10, . 204н211). 3. Universities and Lifelong Learning. Brdo. 10н 11 March, 2008 ( л ╗. , 10н11 2008 . *11, . 47н58).

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2.

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95

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( )

. 1997н2009 . ( ), 1). 1 . 1- , . 2 1 , н , , . 3 1 , , , . 2, 1 , 3 2 , . , , . 3, 53 . 2 3 , 3 (. . 1 2), .

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1997н2009 .
, 2 1997 , ( , 1997 .) Convention on the recognition of qualifications concerning higher education in the European region, Lisbon, 11 April 1997 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/documents/LRC/Lisbon_Recognition_Convention.pdf 1998 ( , 1998 .) Joint declaration on harmonisation of the architecture of the European higher education system (Sorbonne Joint Declaration) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/documents/declarations_communiques.htm 1999 , , ( I н 1999) Trends in Learning Structures in Higher Education Inge Knudsen, Guy Haug, Jette Kirstein (EUA TRENDS I, June 1999 ) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/documents/EUA_Trends_Reports/TRENDS_IJune1999.pdf . , ( , 19 1999 .) , . 3 / .. , .. ./ . .. .. . . .1, .: , 2003. 500 .

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2 The European higher education area Joint Declaration of the European Ministers of Education (The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/documents/MDC/BOLOGNA_ DECLARATION1.pdf 2001 : , ( II н 2001) Towards the European higher education area: survey of main reforms from Bologna to Prague Summary and conclusions Guy HAUG and Christian TAUCH (EUA TRENDS II, April 2001), http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/documents/EUA_Trends_Reports/TRENDS_IIApril2001.pdf , , , 16н17 2001 Bologna Seminar on Bachelor-level Degrees Helsinki, February 16-17, 2001 http://www.bmwf.gv.at/fileadmin/user_upload/europ a/bologna/seminar_bachelor_degrees.pdf , ( , 19 2001 .) Towards the uropean higher education area Communiqu╚ of the meeting of European Ministers in charge of Higher Education in Prague on May 19th 2001 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/Docs/ 00-Main_doc/010519PRAGUE_ COMMUNIQUE.PDF ? , 8н9 2001 . Towards Accreditation Schemes for Higher Education in Europe? Lisbon. 8н9 February 2001 http://www.aic.lv/rec/Eng/new_d_en/bologna/accred. html , 2н3 2001 .

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: ( )/ . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2002. н . 310н314 : ( )/ . . - . , . .. . н .: , 2002. . 315н322. http://rc.edu.ru/rc/bologna/documents/Ko mm-min-VO.pdf

8

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2 The recognition of Transnational Education qualifications Malm╞ н 2н3 March 2001 http://www.aic.lv/rec/Eng/new_d_en/bologna/Malm_ ch.html 2002 12н13 2002 Towards shared descriptors for Bachelors and Masters Amsterdam, March 12н13, 2002 http://www.bologna-berlin2003.de/en/ bologna_seminars/bachelors_and_masters.htm , 11н12 2002 Recognition issues in the Bologna Process International seminar, Lisbon, 11н12 April 2002 http://www.bolognaberlin2003.de/en/bologna_seminars/index.htm , 31 2002 Bologna Seminar on Joint Degrees within the framework of the Bologna Process Stockholm, May 31 2002 http://www.bolognaberlin2003.de/pdf/Stockholm_results.pdf EUA н , 11н12 2002 Credit Transfer and Accumulation н the Challenge for Institutions and Students EUA/Swiss Confederation Conference Zurich, 11н12 October 2002 http://www.bolognaberlin2003.de/pdf/Tagung%20Zuerich.pdf 2003 , 19н20 2003 Bologna follow-up seminar лExploring the social dimensions of the European higher education area╗ Athens, Greece, 19-20 February 2003 http://www.bolognaberlin2003.de/pdf/Conclusions2.pdf

3

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2 , 27н28 2003 Bologna seminar on qualification structures in higher education in Europe Copenhagen, 27н28 March 2003 http://www.bolognaberlin2003.de/pdf/Results_copenhagen.pdf , 14н15 , 2003 The Bologna Process Conference on Master-level Degrees Helsinki, Finland March 14н15, 2003 http://www.bologna-berlin2003.de/pdf/Results.pdf н , 11н12 2003 Bologna Seminar лIntegrated curricula н Implications and Prospects╗ Mantova, 11н12 April 2003 http://www.bolognaberlin2003.de/pdf/Mantova_Results.pdf , 5н7 2003 Bologna seminar on Recognition and credit systems in the context of lifelong learning Praha, June 5н7, 2003 Report by the general rapporteur Sjur Bergan, Council of Europe http://www.bolognaberlin2003.de/pdf/report_SjurBergan.pdf III. н : . , . ( III н 2003) Trends 2003 Progress towards the European Higher Education Area Bologna four years after: Steps toward sustainable reform of higher education in Europe S. Reichert, C. Tauch (EUA TRENDS III, July 2003) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/documents/EUA_Trends_Reports/

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, ( , 19 2003 .) Realising the European Higher Education Area Communiqu╚ of the Conference of Ministers responsible for Higher Education in Berlin on 19 September 2003 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/documents/MDC/Berlin_Communique1.pdf 2004 н , 6н7 2004 Bologna Seminar лJoint Degrees н Further Development╗ Stockholm, May 6н7, 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no /EN/Bol_sem/Seminars/040506Stockholm/04050607_Recommendations.pdf , 4н5 2004 International seminar Bologna and the challenges of e-learning and distance education: The contribution of non-classical learning and teaching forms to the emerging European higher education area Ghent, 4н5 June 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/040604Ghent/040605_Recomme ndations.pdf , 1н2 2004 UK Bologna seminar: Using learning outcomes Edinburgh, 1н2 July 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/Bol_ sem/Seminars/040701-02Edinburgh/040701-02Points_for_consideration.pdf

: ( ) / . . - . , .. . н .: , , 2004. . 396н 409. http://rc.edu.ru/rc/bologna/documents/Ko nf-min-VO.pdf

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2 , 24 2004 International Conference лPublic Responsibility for Higher Education and Research╗ Strasbourg, 23-24 September, 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/Bol_ sem/Seminars/040923-24Strasbourg/04092324_Recommendations.pdf , , 10н12 2004 . EU/Bologna Conference `Designing policies for mobile students' Noordwijk, 10-12 October 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/Bol_ sem/Seminars/041010-12Noordwijk/041011_ conclusions.pdf /, 21н23 2004 The official Bologna Seminar on Employability in the context of the Bologna process Bled/Slovenia, 21stн23rd of October 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/Bol_ sem/Seminars/04102223Bled/041023Conclusions.pdf , , 4н6 2004 International Conference New Generations of Policy Documents and Laws for Higher Education: Their Thrust in the Context of the Bologna Process Warsaw, 4н6 November 2004 http://www.bolognabergen2005.no/EN/Bol_sem/Seminars/04110406Warsaw/041104-06_Report.pdf : ? -, 25н26 2004 Bologna Seminar лBachelor's Degree: What is it╗ St. Petersburg, Russia, 25н26 November 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/Bol_ sem/Seminars/041125-26St-Petersburg/04112526_Recommendations.pdf , 3н4 2004 Bologna Seminar on Recognition

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3 24н26.

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2 sem/Other_sem/050317-18Bonn/05031718_Conclusions.PDF IV: , ( IV н 2005) Trends IV: European Universities Implementing Bologna S. Reichert, C. Tauch (EUA TRENDS IV) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/documents/EUA_Trends_Reports/ EUA_TrendsIV-April2005.pdf н , ( , 20 2005 .) The European Higher Education Area - Achieving the Goals Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Bergen, 19н 20 May 2005 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/documents/MDC/050520_Bergen_ Communique1.pdf 2006 : ? ,1н2 2006 International Conference A researchers' labour market: Europe a pole of attraction? The European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for their Recruitment as a driving force for enhancing career prospects Vienna, 1н2 June 2006 http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/londonbologna/uploads/docu ments/AustrianDoctoralSeminarMainOutcomes.pdf 11 2005 . лEmpfehlungen der Kommission╗ vom 11 M─rz ┤ 2005 ▌ber die Europ─ische Charta f▌r Forscher und einen Verhaltenskodex f▌r die Einstellung von Forschern. (2005/251/EG) europa.eu/eracareers/pdf/eur_21620_de-en.pdf :

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, 7н9 2006 Bologna Seminar on Doctoral Programmes "Matching Ambition with Responsibilities and Resources" Nice, 7н9 December 2006 http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/londonbologna/uploads/docu ments/NICE_ConclusionsRecommendations_Final_9 Jan07.doc 2007 н , 8н9 2007 Bologna Process Official Seminar Making Bologna Reality н Mobility of Staff and Students London, 8н9 February 2007 http://data.eiie.org/docs/1/FOEJDDMABKHLJDCMDDJEHLEL PDB39DBD2G9DW3571KM/education/docs/DLS/2 007-00059-01-E.pdf V: . , . , . ( V н 2007) Trends V: Universities shaping the European Higher Education Area D. Crosier, L. Purser, H. Smidt (EUA TRENDS V) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/documents/EUA_Trends_Reports/ Final_Trends_Report_V_May.pdf : ( , 18 2007 .) Towards the European Higher Education Area: responding to challenges in a globalise world ┤d London Communiqu╚, 18 May 2007 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/documents/MDC/London-Communiqu╚18May2007.pdf

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2 , 11н12 2007 Bologna Seminar Council of Europe Higher Education Forum on Qualifications Frameworks RECOMMENDATIONS Strasbourg, 11н12 October 2007 http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/highereducation/QF/Recom mendations_QF_Stras1007_EN.pdf 2008 н , 21н22 2008 Bologna Seminar: Learning Outcomes Based Higher Education н The Scottish Experience Edinburgh, 21н22 February 2008 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/BolognaSeminars/documents/Edinburgh/Edinburg h_Feb08_Final_Conclusions_and_Recommendations .pdf н , 21н22 2008 Bologna Seminar: Learning Outcomes Based Higher Education н The Scottish Experience Edinburgh, 21н22 February 2008 : . http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologn a/BolognaSeminars/documents/Edinburgh , 10н11 2008 Bologna Seminar: Presidency conference лUniversities and Lifelong Learning╗ Brdo, 10н11 March 2008 http://www.mvzt.gov.si/en/eu_higher_education/conf erence_lll/ , , 10н11 2008 Bologna Seminar: Presidency conference лUniversities and Lifelong Learning╗ Brdo Congress Centre, 10н11 March 2008 -

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ECTS , 17н18 2008 Bologna Seminar ECTS Based on Learning Outcomes and Student Workload Moscow, 17н18 April 2008 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/BolognaSeminars/documents/Moscow_April2008_conclusions_final.pdf : н , 18н20 2008 Bologna Seminar Bologna 2020: Unlocking Europe's potential - Contributing to a better world Ghent, 18н20 May, 2008 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/BolognaSeminars/documents/Ghent/ Kwiek_generalreport_tentativerecommendations.ppt н . -, (IAU) Bologna Policy Forum 2009 The Bologna Process н reflections from the international HEI perspective. Eva Egron-Polak, Secretary General, International Association of Universities (IAU) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/BolognaSeminars/documents/Ghent/ Kwiek_generalreport_tentativerecommendations.ppt : ? , 29н30 2008 Bologna Conference on student mobility Fostering student mobility: next Steps? Involving the stakeholders for an improved mobility inside the EHEA Brussels, 29н30 May 2008

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2 Bologna Seminar Europe, an Area of Student Mobility Comments of the Rapporteur General, Guy HAUG http://www.ue2008.fr/webdav/site/PFUE/shared/imp ort/1104_espace_de_mobilite_a_renforcer_compte_r endu/Espace_mobilite_a_renforcer_HAUG_Guy_syn these_EN.pdf : Official Bologna Seminar лEmployability: the Employers' Perspective and its Implications╗ , 6н7 2008 (Fran├ois Biltgen), , http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/BolognaSeminars/documents/Luxembourg/Plenar y1_MinisterBiltgen.pdf , н ? ( ) , 10н11 2008 Official Bologna Process Seminar on Social Dimension лEquality in a Knowledge-based Society - How to Widen Opportunities?╗ (Best Practices in National Action Plans) http://www.okm.gov.hu/main.php?folderID=2183 : , 27н28 2008 Bologna Seminar лAligning National against European Qualification Frameworks: the principles of self certification╗ http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/BolognaSeminars/documents/Tbilisi/Tbilisi_repor t_VeraStastna.pdf : Bologna Seminar лAligning National against European Qualification Frameworks: the principles of self certification╗ , 27н28 2008 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologn

3 , 2009. . 115н119.

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2 a/BolognaSeminars/documents/Tbilisi/Tbilisi10_Concl usions_and_Recommendations.ppt : , 1н2 2008 Quality Assurance in Transnational Higher Education: From Words to Action London, 1н2 December 2008 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/BolognaSeminars/documents/London/Recommendations_QA_of_TNE_Seminar191208.pdf , , 11н12 2008 t Bologna-Seminar Recognition of prior learning, Quality Assurance and the Implementation of Procedures (Micheline Scheys) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologn a/BolognaSeminars/Amsterdam2008.htm 2009 2009 Statement by the Bologna Policy Forum 2009 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bolog na/forum/Bologna_Policy_Forum_Statement_29April2009.pdf 2020 , ( ) --, 28н29 2009 Communiqu╚ of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve, 28н29 April 2009 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/conference/documents/Leuven_ Louvain-la-Neuve_Communiqu╚_April_2009.pdf

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2 1997 , ( , 1997 .) Convention on the recognition of qualifications concerning higher education in the European region, Lisbon, 11 April 1997 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/b ologna/documents/LRC/Lisbon_Recognition_Convention.pdf 1998 ( , 1998 .) Joint declaration on harmonisation of the architecture of the European higher education system (Sorbonne Joint Declaration) http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/ bologna/documents/declarations_communiques.ht m

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1999 , , ( I н 1999) Trends in Learning Structures in Higher Education Inge Knudsen, Guy Haug, Jette Kirstein

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н , 11н12 2003 Bologna Seminar лIntegrated curricula н Implications and Prospects╗ Mantova, 11н12 April 2003 http://www.bologna-berlin2003. de/pdf/Mantova_Results.pdf

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19

2003 н : . , . ( III н 2003) Trends 2003 Progress towards the European Higher Education Area Bologna four years after: Steps toward sustainable reform of higher education in Europe S. Reichert, C. Tauch

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, ( , 19 2003 .) Realising the European Higher Education Area Communiqu╚ of the Conference of Ministers responsible for Higher Education in Berlin on 19 September 2003 http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/ bologna/documents/MDC/Berlin_Communique1.p df

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2004 н , 6н7 2004 Bologna Seminar лJoint Degrees н Further Development╗ Stockholm, May 6н7, 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/040506Stockholm/04050607_Recommendations.pdf , 4н5 2004 International seminar Bologna and the challenges of e-learning and distance education: The contribution of non-classical learning and teaching forms to the emerging European higher education area Ghent, 4н5 June 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/040604Ghent/040605_Reco mmendations.pdf

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, , 10н12 2004 EU/Bologna Conference `Designing policies for mobile students' Noordwijk, 10н12 October 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/041010-12Noordwijk/041011_conclusions.pdf /, 21н23 2004 The official Bologna Seminar on Employability in the context of the Bologna process Bled/Slovenia, 21stн23rd of October 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/041022-23Bled/ 041023Conclusions.pdf

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: ? -, 25н26 2004 Bologna Seminar "Bachelor's Degree: What is it?" St. Petersburg, Russia, 25н26 November 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/041125-26St-Petersburg/041125-26_Recommendations.pdf , 3н4 2004 Bologna Seminar on Recognition Improving the recognition system of degrees and study credit points in the European Higher Education Area Riga, 3н4th December 2004 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/041203-04Riga/ 041203-04_Riga_Recommendations.pdf 2005 , 13н14 2005 Bologna seminar on Qualifications Frameworks, Copenhagen, January 13н14, 2005 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/050113-14Copenhagen/050113-14_Recommendations.pdf

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, , 27н28 2005 Bologna seminar The social dimension of the European higher education area and world-wide competition Sorbonne, Paris, January 27н28, 2005 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/050127-28Sorbonne/050127-28-Rec-EN.pdf , 3н5 2005 Bologna Seminar on лDoctoral Programmes for the European Knowledge Society╗ Salzburg, 3н5 February 2005 http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/EN/ Bol_sem/Seminars/050203-05Salzburg/050203-05_Conclusions.pdf

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2006 : ? , 1н2 2006 International Conference A researchers' labour market: Europe a pole of attraction? The European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for their Recruitment as a driving force for enhancing career prospects Vienna, 1н2 June 2006 http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/londonbologna/upload

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2 s/documents/AustrianDoctoralSeminarMainOu tcomes.pdf 11 2005 . Empfehlungen der Kommission vom 11 M─rz 2005 ▌ber die Europ─ische Charta f▌r Forscher und einen Verhaltenskodex f▌r die Einstellung von Forschern. (2005/251/EG) europa.eu/eracareers/pdf/eur_21620_de-en.pdf : , 24н26 2006 Bologna seminar Putting European Higher Education Area on the Map: Developing Strategies for Attractiveness Athens, 24н26 June 2006 http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/londonbologna/upload s/documents/OfficialBolognaSeminarAthensFi nalReport.doc , 12н14 2006 Bologna Seminar on Enhancing Graduate Employability, Swansea, 12н14 July, 2006 http://www.bolognaconference.swansea.ac.uk/r ecommendations.html , 12н14 2006 Bologna Seminar on Enhancing Graduate Employability, Swansea, 12н14 July, 2006 http://www.bolognaconference.swansea.ac.uk/ proposals.html

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2007 н , 8н9 2007 Bologna Process Official Seminar Making Bologna Reality н Mobility of Staff and Students London, 8н9 February 2007 http://data.eiie.org/docs/1/FOEJDDMABKHLJDCMDDJE HLELPDB39DBD2G9DW3571KM/education /docs/DLS/2007-00059-01-E.pdf

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