... The accuracy of calculation of both INTERBALL spacecraft (SC) motion has been estimated at the IKI. ... The 30 days measuring intervals were used during the Tail probe (TP) orbital data treatment, and 15 days intervals - during the Auroral probe (AP) orbit determination. ... http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/indap.htm for the Auroral probe; . http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/indtp.htm for the Tail probe . ... http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/ssc.htm , or http://www.iki.rssi.ru/vprokhor/amisan.htm . ...

Geomagnetic disturbances can be monitored by ground-based magnetic observatories recording the three magnetic field components. The global Kp index is obtained as the mean value of the disturbance levels in the two horizontal field components, observed at 13 selected, subauroral stations . ... Geomagnetic activity is the occurrence of K variations. ... But K still remains a local index, describing disturbances in the vicinity of each observatory. ...

Halley's Comet . Spacecraft that have visited Halley's Comet . ... Then in 1984 and 1985, five spacecraft from the USSR, Japan and Europe were launched to make a rendezvous with Halley's Comet in 1986. ... This image is a mosaic of 8 images taken by the Giotto spacecraft during the Halley encounter on March 13, 1986. ... Courtesy NASA/JPL) . ... Halley's Comets in 1986 . This image of Halley's Comets was taken during its 1986 appearance. ... Cylindrical Map of the Nucleus of Comet Halley . ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,