... Field-aligned currents (FAC, also called the Birkeland currents) are essential to the linkage between the solar wind - magnetosphere system and the ionosphere . The main large scale FAC systems are the Region 1 and 2 currents. ... Expands to lower latitudes with increasing activity (see also the auroral ovals ) . ... TCV currents . ... Yamamoto, T., S. Inoue, N. Nishitani, M. Ozaki, and C.-I. Meng, A theory for generation of the paired region 1 and region 2 field-aligned currents, J. Geophys. ...

Four spacecraft: INTERBALL Tail probe (IB_TAIL), Auroral probe (IB_AUR), POLAR(NASA/ISAS), GEOTAIL (NASA) are considered. Click icons to make large pictures. ... FSP criteria | FSP ASCII file | Four spacecraft . in the FSP situations . ASCII file . ... Magnetic conjugations . ASCII files : . ... The mulisatellites conjugations : . ... The FSP polar diagram . Click hear for more detailed information about each of four orbits. ... IKI RAN | SSC IKI RAN | ...

... large mosaic of Viking orbiter images 2500k jpg . Pathfinder images html . ... MGS images from the Mar 13 issue of Science html . True color image Mars by HST WFPC2 Feb 95 34k jpg ; 158k gif ; ( caption ) . ... Slightly chopped and zoomed image of the "grand canal" (Valles Marineris) of mars 157k gif ; 368k gif . Viking image of Mars showing a valley and what appears to be a delta 697k gif . ... MSSS Viking Image Archive html . ... Mars Atlas and Viking Orbiter image finder html . ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,