... It was designed to observe the solar wind approaching Earth, from a position near the Lagrangian point L1, and it is part of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Initiative . ... The original plan called for "Wind" to approach its final station over two years, undergoing two close encounters with the Moon to boost its speed. ... If however the object is moving , the encounter is not symmetric, and in the end the spacecraft may have gained or lost speed, depending on its trajectory. ...

... The Chinese would certainly not have invented the magnetic compass. ... Chemically and mineralogically, the lodestone is magnetite, a massive type of iron ore, an oxide of iron, a mineral related the the brown stuff coating the magnetic disks and tapes used by computers. ... But even then, just resting a few million years in the Earth's magnetic field would produce no magnetization. ... Still, as Gilbert observed, in a long iron rod that magnetism was channeled to the ends, where it could be noted. ...

Educator's Guide to Convection . ... It functions because heated fluids, due to their lower density, rise and cooled fluids fall. ... When it does, it becomes part of a convection cell. ... The tops of the clouds have a sort of cauliflower appearance as warm moist air rises through the center of the cloud. ... As the air falls along the exterior of the cloud, it returns to warmer low altitudes where it can be caught up in the rising column of air in the center of the cloud. ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,