... 2009: Europa Lander: Science Goals and Experiments Introduction Europa's complex surface is the consequence of physical processes in the ice shell and in the deep interior. ... Tidal deformation induces pressure changes and therefore may drive currents in the ocean. ... This allows for the determination of the ice shell thickness. cold brittle ice thin ice layer completely frozen ocean Europa's Response to Tidal Forcing h 2 Elastic response of the ice shell. ...