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Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere On Jupiter's Moon Europa . Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have identified the presence of an extremely tenuous atmosphere of molecular oxygen around Jupiter's second moon, Europa . ... Europa's oxygen atmosphere is so tenuous that its surface pressure is barely one hundred billionth that of the Earth," said Principal Investigator Doyle Hall, of Johns Hopkins. ... The oxygen gas slowly leaks into space and must be replenished continuously. ...

Deep Time: Earth's history and future By Colin Johnston, Armagh Planetarium Earth 4.54 billion years ago Forms in Sun's protoplanetary disc S un Elsewhere in Solar System Other planets form. ... Hot and airless Sun a subgiant, diameter 1.5 its current value, 2 6.4 billion years from no w ? ... Earth cools 20 million years later? ... Core temperature about 55 million°C, helium flash, followed by the Sun shrinking Sun is 10 times its current diameter, luminosity 20-50% current value. ...

... Uranus: The Tilted Planet . ... Uranus is the third largest planet in our Solar System after Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus is composed mostly of rock and ices, but with a thick hydrogen and helium atmosphere. ... Pioneer 10: The First 7 Billion Miles . ... Shown in this stunning false-color Hubble Space Telescope image, the galaxy's disk - composed of spectacular star clusters in winding spiral arms and dramatic dark lanes of dust - spans some 70,000 light-years. Dark Spots on Neptune . ...

... i.e., the interaction of light (generally from the sun or moon) with stuff in the air: molecules, water: ice and drops; crud; smoke.. ... Ice crystals: halos, sun pillars: the whiteness and brightness of snow . ... What to look for: common halos; coloured and white structures; symmetry and asymmetry . ... How crystals float in the air; the specific orientations mean that some halos change shape and position as the sun changes altitude . ... What do halos look like and how do we recognise them? ...

... These electrons may be free or bound to an atom or ion. ... The modelling of a stellar atmospheres (or any astrophysical object) and its emergent radiation requires a detailed model of how photons interact with electrons. ... These "atomic data" are fundamental to accurate astrophysical modelling. ... For calculating model spectra of early-type helium stars in LTE, I maintain a database of atomic data for, mostly, blue-visual absorption lines of light elements. ... Simon's home page . ...

... Detectability of CO, PH3, AsH3, and GeH4 in the Atmosphere of Gl 229B . ... Missions . ... Future Missions and . ... Missions Office . ... Research . Research Staff Directory . Journal Clubs and Research Groups . ... In this work, we show calculated spectra using a model atmosphere for Gl 229B and high-resolution, line-by-line radiative transfer code including molecular hydrogen collision-induced opacity and molecular line absorption from H2O, CO, PH3, GeH4, and AsH3. ...

. If this velocity is comparable to the escape velocity, then molecules of this type can escape into space. Thus the condition for escape is: . Previous slide . Next slide . Back to first slide . View graphic version .

... April 10, 1998 . Hyakutake: Comet Atmosphere . ... STScI , and NASA . ... Immense but tenuous and fleeting, the inner atmosphere or inner "coma" of comet Hyakutake is seen in this false color picture . ... Hyakutake's Hydrogen atoms were produced by the breakup of water (H20) molecules evaporating from its nucleus. The Hydrogen data, combined with other observations, indicate that this comet's nucleus, itself only a few km across, was producing about 7 to 8 tons of water per second. ...

Stellarium 0.12.3 . ... Classes . ... FileљStructure . ... Atmosphere Class Reference . ... More... #include < Atmosphere.hpp > . voidљ . computeColor (double JD, Vec3d _sunPos, Vec3d moonPos, float moonPhase, StelCore *core, float eclipseFac, float latitude=45.f, float altitude=200.f, float temperature=15.f, float relativeHumidity=40.f) . ... Get fade in/out duration in seconds. ... getFlagShow () const . ... getFadeIntensity (void) const . ... Definition at line 40 of file Atmosphere.hpp . ...

. Most ground-based telescopes w are hindered by Earth's atmosphere, which blurs images and scatters and absorbs light. But the H.E.S.S. was designed to detect extreme gamma rays, photons with over 100 billion times the energy of visible light, and actually requires the atmosphere to operate. The H.E.S.S. Collaboration/NASA

God Science Forum Message . Forums: . ... God and Science ћ SETI ћ Software ћ UFO ћ XEphem . ... Discussion Forums | God and Science | ... A Question Of Atmosphere On Our Moon!? ... A question of atmosphere on our Moon!? ... Tell me: when a man is born, how is he born? ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

. WLS information

... Because of the Earth 's gravity, atmosphere is horizontally stratified (see, e.g., Kelley, 1989). Its structure can be organized by using the neutral gas temperature, as shown in the figure from mid-latitudes (note the logarithmic altitude scale). When going upward from the ground within the lowermost atmospheric region, troposphere, the temperature decreases up to about 10 km altitude (tropopause). ... Here the radiation also ionizes the neutral atmosphere, creating the ionosphere . ... 1989. ...

... Bojan Nikolic web pages home . ... I've posted a simple command-line program to compute the dispersive path delay due to the atmosphere using ATM (more precisely my re-packaging AATM). ... I had not appreciated that even at 330GHz, the dispersive wet delay is about 10% of the non-dispersive wet delay. Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus. blog comments powered by Disqus . Copyright 2012, Bojan Nikolic feedback welcome ...

... Research of an atmosphere of the Earth and other planets of Solar system by optical methods . ... The long-term experience of study of atmospheres of planets of Solar system in a department of physics of planets has defined directions and methods of researches spent for laboratory . ... The tasks of laboratory are researches by optical methods of structure of a Terrestrial atmosphere, namely study of spectra of absorption of its compound radiation of natural and artificial sources. ...

... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere was recorded last Sunday by TESIS telescopes aboard the CORONAS-PHOTON satellite ( video - wmv 4.3 MB ). ... Over the course of a week, two gigantic solar prominences were simultaneously ejected from the surface of the Sun. ... Earth will not feel the Sun's influence either. ... The TESIS observatory ї TESIS: www.tesis.lebedev.ru . ... One of this year's largest mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere (movie WMV, 4.3 MB) . ...

. © IRE RAS 1996-200 6

The Neutral Atmosphere H20 O 2 Water Vapour Radiometry Bob Sault O 2 H20 1 2 Microwave Radiometry Water Its dipolar structure means that its melting and boiling points are much higher than other simple molecules (e.g. CO2, O2, N2). ... Water vapour introduces 50-300cm of excess path. ... 5 6 Water vapour radiometry Continuum vs Line systems "Continuum" water vapour radiometers measure fluctuations far from water lines Line systems work near either of the two water lines: 22.3 GHz or 183 GHz. ...

... THz spectra of polypeptide powder of glycine, (Gly)n (n = 1 ­ 4). ... Method : (i) gas phase spectroscopy (ii) ice sample transmission spectroscopy (iii) reflection spectroscopy on selective adsorption filter Sensitivity ­ ppm level in raw ice sample Wavelengths: (i) 7-12 m (ii) 15-25 m (iii) 70-90 m - search for simple organic volatiles (gas phase transmission) - search for condensed organics in filter (solid-state reflection) - search for condensed organics in ice ; trapper ions...