The above process keeps the # of protons and the # of neutrons in the early Universe constant. This is extremely important and will result in a testable prediction later. Remember, a free neutron (one that is not bound in an atomic nucleus) will decay into a proton + electron (+ anti-neutrino) in about 900 seconds. ... During this epoch, the proton-to-neutron ratio is 1.0 . ... The Universe consists of protons, neutrons and electrons plus a photon background and a neutrino background. ...

... The FOC suffers from various types of background, the most important of which are thermal electrons, Cerenkov radiation from high energy particles, geocoronal emission lines, zodiacal light, and light scattered within HST from the bright Earth or Moon. ... From on-orbit measurements using the f /96 camera, the former background has been found to vary with solar zenith distance (ZD); see Sections 6.4, 6.5, and 7.0 of the FOC Instrument Handbook , version 7.0, for more details. ...

SPECTRUM ANALYZER OF MAGNETIC PHENOMENA SAMW . Spectrum analyzer allows onboard computation of electromagnetic waves spectra registered (observed) in the ionosphere and magnetosphere in the ELF/VLF frequency band. ... It consists of magnetic antenna, preamplifier, 16 bit sigma delta AD converter, DSP processor and telemetry interface. ... The channels of lower frequencies are averaged and transmitted with lower repetition rate so the telemetry volume is reduced. ... Dynamic range: 90 dB . ...

... One important issue for the spectral analysis with X-ray detectors is the treatment of background for extended sources. ... To deal with the particle background (more or less constant outside proton flares), one should assign weights to the reference event list and extract images or spectra using the same spectral or spatial (in detector coordinates) selection as the source. The original spatial selection (on the source) is usually applied to sky coordinates (not detector coordinates). ...

... Sagittarius Star Cloud . ... Stars come in all different colors. ... Most stars in the above Sagittarius Star Cloud are orange or red and relatively faint, as our Sun would appear. ... Stars like HD 82943 are main sequence G dwarf stars with temperatures and compositions similar to the Sun. Also like the Sun, HD 82943 is known to have at least two giant planets, but unlike gas giants in our solar system their orbits are not nearly circular and bring them closer to the parent star. ... April 2003 . ...

... Posts tagged ?background? ... Probability density functions are another way of summarizing the consequences of assuming a Gaussian error distribution when the true distribution is Poisson. We can compute the posterior probability of the intensity of a source , when some number of counts are observed in a source region, and the background is estimated using counts observed in a different region. ... In both cases a background of 200 counts collected in an area 40x the source area is used. ...

... We start investigating the results from a non-magnetized (isotropic) plasma, before including the external magnetic field so important for space physics. ... propagating above the electron plasma frequency, w(pe) (reflection point for the waves) . note that, for very high frequencies, both phase and group velocities are equal to light velocity c, and we have electromagnetic wave in free space: even the electrons are unable to respond to the rapidly oscillating electric field! . ...

. Here is an applet. It has two parameters -- speed and message. Its alignment is ABSMIDDLE. Here is an applet. It has two parameters -- speed and message. Its alignment is ABSMIDDLE. Here is an another instance of the same applet, but it has a different speed and a different message. Its alignment is RIGHT. Here is an another instance of the same applet, but it has a different speed and a different message. Its alignment is RIGHT. The Java source for the applet.

. There may be security measures or other authentication procedures in use at your site that prevent you from using the rcp command to copy files from one host to another. Check with your local system administrator to find out what the situation is on your system.

... It should be recalled that most (99.99 percent) of the energy is dissipated by single radiopulsars in the form of relativistic particles and low-frequency electromagnetic waves which are not observable. ... This gives rise to an interesting analog of the classical reflection or heating effect (Lipunov, 1980[ 97 ]; Lipunov and Prokhorov, 1984[ 110 ]; Harding, 1991[ 64 ]; Lipunov and Nazin, 1994[ 119 ]). ... For close binary systems, -0.3 and the transformation coefficient may be several percent. ...

... Would you say the space between your eyes and your hand is empty? ... This means it s completely empty, without a single particle of gas or speck of dust. ... However, while much of the Universe is a vacuum, there are patches which aren t. These are places where cosmic gas and dust that floats between the stars in a galaxy. ... But ISM material clumps together over time forming larger, heavier blobs of gas and dust until they make a big cloud in space, like the one in this photograph. ...

Next: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Up: R CORONAE BOREALIS STARS Previous: R CORONAE BOREALIS STARS . R Coronae Borealis stars, or RCB stars, are an important class of variable star. ... They can change regularly or irregularly. ... RCB stars are best known because of their irregular `fades'. ... The fades are caused by enormous clouds of dust which cover a large part of the star's surface. ... As well as irregular fades, the light output from RCBs goes up and down by a few per cent every 40 days or so. ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2013 March 25 . Planck Maps the Microwave Background . ... Visible in all directions, this cosmic microwave background is a complex tapestry that could only show the hot and cold patterns observed were the universe to be composed of specific types of energy that evolved in specific ways. ... About APOD | ... A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC . ...

... Such particles are called ``optically soft'', and the corresponding approximation could be named that of optically soft particles. ... For the theory based on the assumption (1), there are a set of the names: Rayleigh-Gans [ 11 ], Rayleigh-Debye [ 274 , 397 ], Rayleigh-Gans-Born [ 474 ], Rayleigh-Gans-Debye [ 78 , 144 , 409 , 410 ], Rayleigh-Gans-Rokard [ 132 ], Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) [ 100 , 462 ], Born (or the first Born) [ 56 , 135 ] approximation. ...

... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

... L-Wide . ... Receiver History . ... Available Filters: . ... Use with e.g. filter 5) NOTE 2 1120-1220 3 1230-1470 4 1550-1820 5 1100-1800 6 1360-1470 7 1320 hipass NOTE 8 1180-1280 9 1280 hipass (ext Output unit. ... Consequently, the calibration for data collected using the hipass 1320 and the hipass 1370 filters only will be mis-calibrated (i.e. by using the opposite polarisation calibration data). ... It is now possible to select any bandpass filter that is not in the 1320 hipass band. ...

... Research . Projects . ... The name of the project APEX is a reduction from words " Active Plasma Experiments " . The core of the project are active experiments with injection of electron and (or) plasma beams from a board of the satellite with simultaneous registration of the phenomena, produced by interaction of injected beam with background plasma. ... Active experiments utilise modulated electron beam accelerator and source of modulated xenon plasma beam on the main spacecraft APEX. ...

... The NATO "Science for Peace" Program , Project number SfP 973559 . ... Receiver devices based on superconducting Josephson junction dynamics provide easy and extremely sensitive way for measurements of contents of these molecules. ... Fast development of SQUIDs resulted in fabrication of number of devices for supersensitive physical experiments and production of sophisticated multichannel measurement systems used in medicine for magnetocardiography and neural investigations. ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Stars . ... Space Flight . ... Search Results for ?stellar nursery? Posted on January 23, 2012 | 1 Comment The Universe is 13.75 billion years old.It is easy to say, but what does that mean in Earthly terms?Let?s squeeze the whole history of the Universe into a year! Continue Reading.. ... Posted on May 6, 2011 | ... The Hubble Space Telescope recently imaged NGC 2841 as part of an investigation into how new stars are created. ...

Lessons learned from the Thirty Meter Telescope site testing Tony Travouillon Sebastian Els, Angel Otarola, Reed Riddle, Matthias Schoeck, Warren Skidmore TMT.XXX.PRE.05.0XX.DRF01 1 Introduction TMT and its Site testing. Important choice before going on site. ... Considerations during analysis of the data. TMT.XXX.PRE.05.0XX.DRF01 2 Some Background about the TMT Site Testing TMT is a 30m, segmented, RitcheyChretien telescope design. ... ASCA Cloud Cover Analysis So how do we do it in practice? ...