... Because of the Earth 's gravity, atmosphere is horizontally stratified (see, e.g., Kelley, 1989). Its structure can be organized by using the neutral gas temperature, as shown in the figure from mid-latitudes (note the logarithmic altitude scale). When going upward from the ground within the lowermost atmospheric region, troposphere, the temperature decreases up to about 10 km altitude (tropopause). ... Here the radiation also ionizes the neutral atmosphere, creating the ionosphere . ... 1989. ...

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• Ionosphere [Oulu]
• The Inner Radiation Belt
• Aurora (Oulu)

Next: C.S. Jeffery, Research Astronomer Up: Research Previous: J.E. Chambers, Research Astronomer Contents . ... We examine spectral time-series of two lower-chromospheric lines observed with SUMER/SOHO (N I and C II ). ... Two examples of explosive events observed with SUMER/SOHO in transition region spectral lines are reported here; one detected in C IV 1548?, in a region within the northern polar coronal hole, and the other in O VI 1032?, in an active region. ...

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• C.J. Butler, Research Astronomer
• Armagh Observatory

... Unequal distribution of radiation due to earth axis tilt is the ultimate driver of the weather." You first have to distinguish between incoming solar radiation (visible wavelengths) and outgoing longwave (infrared wavelengths) radiation due to the earth's finite (above absolute zero) temperature. Secondly, even if the earth's axis tilt would be zero, unequal distribution of incoming solar radiation would still occur, due to the fact that the earth is *ROUND*! ...

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• Lecture V.
• The Galaxy Gallery Page VII: Infrared Imaging

Main Sections LabIR main page . ... LabIR staff . ... Tirgo Page . ... The TIRGO NIR photometer uses a single InSb detector with cooled low-noise amplification electronics. ... Results of the TIRGO calibration program: 1986-1987" L.K. Hunt, G.Calamai, and E. Oliva Arcetri Technical Report No. ... Near-infrared photometry at the Gornergrat Infrared Telescope" L.K. Hunt Arcetri Technical Report No. ... Manuale del nuovo sistema di controllo del Fotometro del TIRGO" C.Baffa Arcetri Technical Report No. ...

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• mod_usertrack - Apache HTTP Server
• LabIR Main Page
• Infrared astronomy

Next: Temperature and humidity Up: Observational data Previous: Comment field . Several other data are useful, or even essential. ... Additional instrumental parameters, like the size of the measuring aperture or the high voltage used on a photomultiplier, are essential and must be recorded for each observation if they vary. ... The Geneva quality-control parameters [ 3 ] may be available; again, they should have separate columns in the table. ... Temperature and humidity data . ...

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• Direct electron imaging-performance
• mod_usertrack - Apache HTTP Server
• mod_status - Apache HTTP Server

... Science . ... Science Users Information > Science Activities > PhD Thesis Topics offered by ESO Faculty Members > Thesis Topic: Towards a direct measurement of the expansion history of the Universe . ... Science Users Information . ... Observing with ESO Telescopes . ... Science Software . ... ESO Science Newsletter . ... The E-ELT will allow us, for the first time, to perform a direct and dynamical measurement of the expansion history of the Universe. ... Return to list of thesis topics . ...

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• Mario van den Ancker
• Homepage of Markus Wittkowski
• Aurorae and Volcanic Eruptions | ESO

The hotbed effect (hothouse effect) in the planets atmosphere is the inside atmosphere layers heating (of the Earth, Venus etc.), due to the transparent planet atmosphere for the main part of solar radiation (in optical range). In the atmosphere of the Earth this radiation is absorbed by the molecules of H2O, C02, O3 and others. ... As a result of human activities the CO2 content is increasing (and the other gases, absorbing in infrared range). ...

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... Violent volcanic activity might be capable of modifying the earth's climate for years, or decades. Volcanoes can inject dust into the stratosphere; this leads to a larger fraction of the sunlight incident on the earth being reflected; this leads to less energy being absorbed by the Earth; this, in turn, leads to lower temperatures. ... Pinatubo eruption . ... The Mt Pinatubo eruption forced dust and sulphur dioxied into the stratosphere, which was distributed around the earth. ...

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• Direct Observation of Extra-Solar Planets with an Infrared Interferometer
• HST this week: 113
• Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer Instrument Handbook for

Next: Direct Monitoring of T Tauri Stars Previous: X--ray Activity and PMS Stars . Pointed EINSTEIN observations of TTs in the Taurus--Auriga star forming region (SFR) detected five serendipitous sources in the field (Feigelson & Kriss 1981 and Walter & Kuhi 1981). ... Walter (1986) called these objects naked T Tauri stars (nTTs; Walter 1986, Walter et al . ... The catalog of Herbig & Bell (1988) distinguished between cTTs and weak--lined T Tauri stars (wTTs) instead of nTTs. ...

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• Thermal Emission From Isolated Pulsars
• Contents
• activities

Dense gas in Active Galaxies or "What can we learn from molecules?" ... 2007 Database very incomplete Individual lines don't reveal much OH-MM Use line ratios for diagnostics IAU 242 - 16 March 2007 Other 3/16 Starburst Evolution: data High density gas (HD) is consumed/destroyed during star formation Large scale, low density gas [CO( 1-0 )] mostly unaffected use HD/CO( 1-0 ) OH-MM H2O-MM Other IAU 242 - 16 March ... IAU 242 - 16 March 2007 16/16 ...

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• Atmospheric opacity and system temperature
• Are Seyferts dominated by starburst activity?
• Sun - Earth Interactions

... By Michelle Thaller (Spitzer Space Center) . ... The Hottest Planet . ... Figure 1: Planets are much easier to see in infrared light, where at least they give off their own light instead of being totally swamped by their parent star. ... Not only was Spitzer able to isolate light from these planets, but by using its infrared spectrograph, Spitzer was also able to sample the chemistry of these distant planets and get a good estimate of their temperatures. ... The Spitzer Space Telescope . ...

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• ASP: Let Venus Be My Guide
• ASP: Making Your Own Astronomical Camera
• ASP: Good Astronomy Activities on the WWW

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... The algorithm and appropriate program for decametric radiosignal propagation conditions prediction for paths from 500 to 9000 km have been developed at ISTP SB on the basis of normal wave method (AltyntsevaB.I,Iliyin N.V., Kurkin V.I. and others //Decameters channel simulation on the base of normal wave method . ... Solar activity indices are chosen automatically from the prediction date from the database . ...

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• East Siberian Center for the Earth's Ionosphere Research. Incoherent Scatter
• East Siberian Center for the Earth's Ionosphere Research. Capabilities and
• East Siberian Center for the Earth's Ionosphere Research. Modelling, secondary

... The Sun is the closest star to us, and a regular object in our Galaxy. Solar activity manifests itself, primarily, in solar flares - episodic explosive energy release in the form of electromagnetic radiation and high energy particles (electrons and protons). The nature of the flares is related to cyclic variations of global and local magnetic fields in the atmosphere of the Sun. ... Such formations are called active regions. ...

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• About SAO RAS

Astronomy Picture of the Day . ... Earth is the only planet in the Solar System where the present surface temperature and pressure allow the three forms of water, solid (ice), liquid (ocean), and gas (water vapor condensing in clouds) to exist simultaneously. ... M83: A Barred Spiral Galaxy . ... M83 is a member of the Centaurus group of galaxies, a nearby group dominated by the massive galaxy Centaurus A. It takes light about 15 million years to reach us from M83. ... Bright Comet SOHO . ...

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... part 1 | ... The Basic Stages in Earth's Pre-geological Development . ... After fragments of the Vortex sleeves separated, whirlwinds of second and third orders ("NC" - new micro-vortex) were generated- future planet cores and their satellites - all of them developing independently, governed by the common laws of development of cosmogenic vortexes. ... Our planet's core today is comprised of considerably deteriorated cosmogenic vortex; consequently, the Earth has a moderated magnetic field. ...

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... Listed below are questions submitted by users of "The Great Magnet, the Earth" and the answers given to them. ... In "The Exploration of the Earth's magnetosphere" on the magnetic environment of the Earth in space (a few Q duplicated here) . ... 11) Magnetic Shielding . ... 51) Can electricity be generated from the Earth's magnetic field? ... 9) Measuring Earth's magnetic field . ... 6) Reversals of the Earth's field (4 queries) . ... 42) Could generated electricity affect Earth's magnetic field? ...

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• The Lodestone
• Prediction technique
• Space Research Institute (IKI) Seminar

This module uses cookies to provide for a clickstream log of user activity on a site. ... In Apache 1.2 and later this module has been renamed the "user tracking" module, mod_usertrack. ... Instead, a configurable log format file should be used to log user click-streams. ... When used, this directive determines whether the cookie used for user tracking is created using the default ("normal") format (eg: decimal values for items like the PID) or using a more compact format (eg: hexidecimal values). ...

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• Apache module mod_status

. Language [RU/EN] Search: . Home . UP . Research . Projects . Services . Info . News . Events . Personal . Archive . Ionosphere and radiowave propagation: structure . The main page . Information . Publications: . 2011 - 2015 . 2009 - 2010 . 2007 - 2008 . 2005 - 2006 . 2000 - 2004 . 1995 - 1999 . Participation in International symposiums and conferences: . 2013 - 2015 . 2011 - 2012 . 2009 - 2010 . 2007 - 2008 . 2005 - 2006 . 2002 - 2004 . N.V. Pushkov . 09/04/2016 23:52 MSK . webmaster@izmiran.ru .

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• IZMIRAN

Microsymposium 34, MS058, 2001 ANOMALIES OF THE MOON'S THERMAL EMISSION IN THE IR SPECTRAL RANGE (10.5 - 12.5 micron). ... Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Moscow, 119899, Russia, pugach@sai.msu.ru Summary: New satellite measurements of the lunar-surface radiation temperature were used to construct the spatial angular function of thermal radiation of the Moon in the infrared (10.5-12.5 micron) spectral range. ... These thermal anomalies are observed only in the limited range of phase angles. ...

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• Geophysical Research Abstracts

Several site activities have occured between 7/20-24 which may be of interest. Dan Long/APO, Craig Loomis/APO, with help from Larry Fiscelli and John Anderson/FNAL, moved the plate cartridge to the telescope enclosure to provide a direct data hookup. The struggle was mighty and accomplished! Mark Klaene/APO explaing the installation of a testing apparatus to the compressed air line in the lower level. ... These pictures will remain on this site until 7/30/98 and then stored. ...

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• Mirror Cleaning
• Untitled Document